Aqueous Extract of Solanum nigrum Leaves Induces Autophagy and Enhances Cytotoxicity of Cisplatin, Doxorubicin, Docetaxel, and 5-Fluorouracil in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells
Figure 2
AE-SN induced morphological changes and LC-3 activation in DLD-1 and HT-29 cells. (a) and (b), DLD-1 cells were treated with 0 or 1 mg/mL AE-SN for 48 hr, respectively; (c) and (d), HT-29 cells were treated with 0 or 1 mg/mL AE-SN for 48 hr. Arrows indicate lipid droplet-like morphological changes in AE-SN-treated cells. Magnification = 100x. (e) Total protein extracts were harvested from DLD-1 cells or HT-29 cells which were treated with 0 or 1 mg/mL AE-SN (control versus AE-SN) for 48 hr. Activation of caspase-3 and LC3 A/B in AE-SN-treated cells was determined by western blotting analysis. (f) Semiquantification of LC-3 A/B II in AE-SN-treated cells. Data presented are mean ± SD (). indicates statistical significance compared with 0 mg/mL AE-SN treatment using Student’s -test (). AE-SN: aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum; Con: control; GADPH: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; LC-3 A/B II: mammalian microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 A/B II.
