Aqueous Extract of Solanum nigrum Leaves Induces Autophagy and Enhances Cytotoxicity of Cisplatin, Doxorubicin, Docetaxel, and 5-Fluorouracil in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells
Figure 3
Inhibition of AE-SN induced autophagy by using 3-MA, bafilomycin (a), and pepstatin A/E64d on DLD-1 and HT-29 cells. (a) DLD-1 and HT-29 cells were treated with 0.5 or 1.0 mg/mL AE-SN, respectively, in combination with 1 μM 3-MA, 2 nM bafilomycin A, or 2 μg/mL pepstatin A/E64d for 48 hr. Cytotoxicity was analyzed by MTT assay. Experiments were performed in triplicate and the data shown are mean ± SD. *indicates statistical significance compared with 0 mg/mL AE-SN treatment using Student’s -test (). (b) DLD-1 and HT-29 cells were treated with control, AE-SN (1 mg/mL), 3-MA, or AE-SN plus 3-MA (μM) for 48 hr and accumtrluation of LC3 A/B II was determined by Western blotting. Numbers indicated fold induction of LC3 A/B II compared with control. AE-SN: aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide.
