Aqueous Extract of Solanum nigrum Leaves Induces Autophagy and Enhances Cytotoxicity of Cisplatin, Doxorubicin, Docetaxel, and 5-Fluorouracil in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells
Figure 5
Activation of cell death markers, LC3 A/B and caspase-3 in DLD-1 and HT-29 cells treated with AE-SN and cisplatin, doxorubicin, or docetaxel. Both DLD-1 and HT-29 cells were treated with 0, 1 mg/mL AE-SN, chemotherapeutic drugs alone, and a combination of 1 mg/mL AE-SN with chemotherapeutic drugs. The doses of cisplatin used were 50 μM in DLD-1 and 20 μM in HT-29. The dose of doxorubicin used was 5μM in DLD-1 and HT-29. The dose of docetaxel used was 1 nM in DLD-1 and HT-29, whereas the dose of 5-Fu was 20μM. After 48 hr incubation, total protein extracts were harvested from cells. (a) Activation of LC3 A/B and caspase-3 in DLD-1 and HT-29 cells was determined by western blotting analysis; (b) semiquantification of LC3 A/B II is presented as the relative fold induction of the control as mean ± SD (). *indicates statistical significance compared with 0 mg/mL AE-SN treatment using Student’s -test (). AE-SN: aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum; GADPH: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; LC-3 A/B II: mammalian microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 A/B II.
