Botanical Compounds: Effects on Major Eye Diseases

Table 1

Clinical and preclinical trials of major botanical compounds for ocular diseases. Most of the botanical compounds investigated for eye diseases are still on the pre-clinical stage with studies focusing on cells or animal models. However, several compounds such as lutein, zeaxanthin, saffron, Ginkgo biloba extract, and danshen have been tested in clinical trials.

	Preclinical	Clinical
Curcumin	Diabetic retinopathy: Gupta et al. [30]
	Cataract: Suryanarayana et al. [31], Raju et al. [32], Pandya et al. [33], Manikandan et al. [34], Kumar et al. [35]
Lutein and zeaxanthin		AMD: Ma et al. [53, 54], Richer et al. [55], Bone et al. [56]
Saffron	Cataract: Makri et al. [57]	AMD: Falsini et al. [58]
Catechin	AMD: Alex et al. [59], Chan et al. [60]
	Cataract: Lee et al. [61]
Ginkgo biloba Extract	Diabetic retinopathy: Maclennan et al. [62]	Glaucoma: Kim et al. [63]
	Retinitis pigmentosa: Maclennan et al. [62]
Ginseng	AMD: Cho et al. [64]
	DR: Sen et al. [65]
	Cataract: Lee et al. [66]
Resveratrol	Glaucoma: Osborne [67], Li et al. [68],; Kwok et al. [69], Losa [70]
	DR: Yar et al. [71], Kim et al. [72], Hua et al. [73],  Li et al. [68], Osborne et al. [74]
Danshen	Glaucoma: Zhu and Cai [75]	Glaucoma: Wu et al. [76]
	DR: Zhang et al. [77]
Quercetin	AMD: Chen et al. [78]
	Cataract: Stefek and Karasu [79], Shetty et al. [80],; Gacche and Dhole [81]

AMD:  age-related macular degeneration; DR: diabetic retinopathy.