Antiteratogenic Effects of 𝜷-Carotene in Cultured Mouse Embryos Exposed to Nicotine

Figure 1

Representative images of mouse embryos exposed to nicotine and β-carotene. Normal control group (a). Embryos treated with 1 mM nicotine alone show typical abnormalities such as exposed brain, reduced forebrain, abnormal heart, deformed posterior trunk, and regressed forelimbs (b1−3). Embryos treated with nicotine plus β-carotene [1 × 10⁻⁷ μM (c1 and c2) and 5 × 10⁻⁷ μM (d1 and d2)] appear morphologically similar to the control group.