Phyllanthus Suppresses Prostate Cancer Cell, PC-3, Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis through Multiple Signalling Pathways (MAPKs, PI3K/Akt, NF𝜿B, and Hypoxia)

Table 2

Fold changes of differential proteins in aqueous- and methanolic-treated PC-3 cells. Symbols “+” indicate upregulation and “−” indicate downregulation. PA: P.  amarus; PN: P.  niruri; PU: P.  urinaria and PW: P.  watsonii.

No.	UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot; (accession number)	Protein	Phyllanthus
			Aqueous extract				Methanolic extract
			PA	PN	PU	PW	PA	PN	PU	PW
I	Cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and metastasis and angiogenesis
1	P98172	Ephrin-B1	−1.53	−1.45	−1.21	−1.41	−2.14	−2.21	−2.01	−2.31
2	P05787	Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 8	1.45	1.32	1.38	1.21	1.86	1.74	1.92	1.62
3	P63261	Actin, cytoplasmic 2	−1.43	−1.53	−1.21	−1.53	−1.74	−1.79	−1.72	−1.53
4	Q8NDI1	EH domain-binding protein 1	−1.32	−1.32	−1.21	−1.13	−1.42	−1.32	−1.43	−1.43
5	P04792	Heat shock protein beta-1	−1.43	−1.32	−1.54	−1.54	−1.42	−1.43	−1.32	−1.25
6	P35527	Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 9	1.38	1.32	1.53	1.42	1.64	1.34	1.35	1.37
7	Q9BYR8	Keratin-associated protein 3-1	1.53	1.32	1.47	1.64	1.47	1.53	1.42	1.46
8	P08670	Vimentin	−1.43	−1.32	−1.32	−1.11	−1.25	−1.43	−1.32	−1.42
9	Q9NY65	Tubulin alpha-8 chain	−1.53	−1.43	−1.48	−1.35	−1.40	−1.43	−1.42	−1.73
10	Q9Y316	Protein MEMO1	−1.43	−1.42	−1.24	−1.32	−1.63	−1.32	−1.42	−1.43
II	Proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis
11	Q92466	DNA damage-binding protein 2	−1.42	−1.32	−1.43	−1.41	−1.42	−1.37	−1.43	−1.32
12	Q7RTU1	Transcription factor 23	−1.39	−1.33	−1.42	−1.43	−1.53	−1.63	−1.58	−1.42
13	Q9UQ80	Proliferation-associated protein 2G4	−1.37	−1.57	−1.42	−1.47	−1.63	−1.45	−1.53	−1.43
14	P62993	Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2	−1.42	−1.52	−1.43	−1.32	−1.42	−1.42	−1.43	−1.64
15	O60565	Gremlin-1	−1.43	−1.43	−1.33	−1.43	−1.56	−1.43	−1.54	−1.44
16	P27348	14-3-3 protein theta	−1.32	−1.43	−1.53	−1.42	−1.42	−1.21	−1.32	−1.42
17	P61981	14-3-3 protein gamma	−1.32	−1.32	−1.43	−1.35	−1.32	−1.42	−1.22	−1.32
18	P04083	Annexin A1	−1.52	−1.54	−1.42	−1.43	−1.64	−1.43	−1.43	−1.43
19	Q96LY2	Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 74B	−1.47	−1.34	−1.47	−1.46	−1.33	−1.33	−1.36	−1.57
20	P31943	Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H	−1.47	−1.33	−1.35	−1.21	−1.44	−1.56	−1.43	−1.53
21	P09211	Glutathione S-transferase P	−1.96	−1.84	−1.77	−2.05	−1.89	−1.87	−2.01	−1.97
22	P41221	Protein Wnt-5a	−1.75	−1.87	−1.87	−1.92	−1.74	−1.84	−1.85	−2.01
23	Q9H0R3	Transmembrane protein 222	−1.57	−1.52	−1.57	−1.42	−1.47	−1.62	−1.57	−1.46
24	Q5MJ09	Sperm protein associated with the nucleus on the X chromosome N3	−1.45	−1.57	−1.57	−1.57	−1.34	−1.45	−1.32	−1.46
25	P46063	ATP-dependent DNA helicase Q1	−1.57	−1.57	−1.36	−1.46	−1.56	−1.47	−1.46	−1.57
26	P09382	Galectin-1	−1.25	−1.46	−1.57	−1.47	−1.46	−1.33	−1.46	−1.46
27	P04792	Heat shock protein beta-1	−1.37	−1.47	−1.47	−1.46	−1.56	−1.46	−1.34	−1.47
28	P78417	Glutathione transferase omega-1	−1.46	−1.46	−1.47	−1.47	−1.57	−1.54	−1.68	−1.57
29	Q06830	Peroxiredoxin-1	−1.57	−1.42	−1.29	−1.33	−1.48	−1.62	−1.54	−1.67
30	P30048	Thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase, mitochondrial	−1.45	−1.52	−1.12	−1.64	−1.58	−1.44	−1.57	−1.57
31	Q9Y230	RuvB-like 2	−1.46	−1.47	−1.38	−1.32	−1.75	−1.57	−1.64	−1.57
32	P50453	Serpin B9	−1.46	−1.50	−1.36	−1.38	−1.58	−1.67	−1.76	−1.63
33	Q8ND25	E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ZNRF1	−1.56	−1.43	−1.47	−1.47	−1.58	−1.67	−1.82	−1.54
34	Q6PRD1	Probable G-protein-coupled receptor 179	−1.45	−1.43	−1.47	−1.56	−1.36	−1.37	−1.54	−1.58
35	O43521	Bcl-2-like protein 11	−1.66	−1.52	−1.42	−1.56	−1.57	−1.73	−1.65	1.56
36	P56703	Proto-oncogene Wnt-3 precursor	−2.18	−1.92	−2.06	−2.34	−1.79	−1.97	1.83	−2.11
37	Q8N4Z0	Putative Ras-related protein Rab-42	−2.11	−2.03	−1.79	−1.98	−1.96	−2.1	−2.15	−1.94
38	P01112	GTPase HRas precursor	−2.12	−1.99	−1.83	−1.74	−1.85	−2.03	−2.05	−1.92
III	Glycogenesis and glycolysis
39	Q969E3	Urocortin-3	−1.37	−1.42	−1.37	−1.46	−1.65	−1.73	1.67	−1.47
40	P00558	Phosphoglycerate kinase 1	−2.01	−2.12	−2.22	−1.93	−1.56	−1.37	−1.57	−1.36
41	P06733	Alpha-enolase	−1.42	−1.38	−1.37	−1.36	−1.58	−1.57	−1.65	−1.57
42	P04406	Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	−1.92	−1.88	−1.92	−1.83	−1.78	−1.36	−1.36	−1.56
43	P04075	Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A	−1.63	−1.42	−1.39	−1.36	−1.48	−1.53	−1.52	−1.57
43	P60174	Triosephospate isomerase	−1.47	−1.46	−1.47	−1.76	−1.48	−1.53	−1.49	−1.49
44	Q9NPG2	Neuroglobin	−1.47	−1.47	−1.58	−1.47	−1.56	−1.63	−1.74	−1.74
IV	Protein synthesis and energy metabolism
45	Q4U2R6	39S ribosomal protein L51	−1.37	−1.47	−1.36	−1.53	−1.64	−1.74	−1.65	−1.67
46	Q93088	Betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1	−1.46	−1.47	−1.46	−1.48	−1.67	−1.48	−1.58	−1.57
47	P50583	Bis(5′-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase [asymmetrical]	−1.45	−1.57	−1.30	−1.42	−1.39	−1.47	−1.67	−1.87
48	Q96A11	Galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase 3	−1.69	−1.74	−1.67	−1.85	−1.93	−1.74	−1.82	−1.89
49	Q9Y274	Type 2 lactosamine alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase	−1.28	−1.52	−1.58	−1.44	−1.68	−1.64	−1.58	−1.57
50	O43852	Calumenin	−1.53	−1.47	−1.47	−1.42	−1.57	−1.65	−1.56	−1.53
51	P13667	Protein disulfide-isomerase A4	−1.47	−1.41	−1.44	−1.45	−1.58	−1.64	−1.45	−1.57
52	P27797	Calreticulin	−1.54	−1.32	−1.47	−1.48	−1.45	−1.53	−1.57	−1.64
53	P07900	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	−1.64	−1.32	−1.34	−1.43	−1.55	−1.42	−1.32	−1.53
54	P12235	ADP/ATP translocase 1	−1.46	−1.38	−1.45	−1.35	−1.58	−1.68	−1.67	−1.47
55	P52209	6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating	−1.46	−1.49	−1.54	−1.45	−1.57	−1.52	−1.48	−1.56
56	Q9Y478	5′-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1	−1.38	−1.46	−1.47	−1.47	−1.67	−1.75	−1.47	−1.57
57	P11021	78 kDa glucose-regulated protein	−1.46	−1.46	−1.47	−1.57	−1.57	−1.54	−1.57	−1.84
58	Q9UI09	NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12	−1.42	−1.36	−1.33	−1.33	−1.57	−1.73	−1.57	−1.46
59	P30101	Protein disulfide-isomerase A3	−1.20	−1.47	−1.37	−1.21	−1.57	−1.63	−1.56	−1.57
60	P49411	Elongation factor Tu, mitochondrial	−1.48	−1.45	−1.57	−1.33	−1.38	−1.54	−1.68	−1.47
61	Q5TGZ0	Mitochondrial inner membrane organizing system protein 1	−1.47	−1.46	−1.47	−1.49	−1.57	−1.47	−1.67	−1.65
62	P19404	NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial	−1.21	−1.32	−1.33	−1.43	−1.57	−1.57	−1.57	−1.74
63	Q9H0F7	ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 6	−1.76	−1.50	−1.57	−1.54	−1.56	−1.54	−1.49	−1.70
64	O75436	Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26A	−1.46	−1.54	−1.63	−1.76	−1.47	−1.38	−1.57	−1.57
65	Q9NXV2	BTB/POZ domain-containing protein KCTD5	−1.47	−1.47	−1.33	−1.50	−1.58	−1.65	−1.67	−1.66
66	O00429	Dynamin-1-like protein	−1.47	−1.63	−1.47	−1.57	−1.56	−1.57	−1.67	−1.73
67	P40261	Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase	−1.29	−1.22	−1.34	−1.28	−1.45	−1.48	−1.83	−1.42
68	P49720	Proteasome subunit beta type-3	−1.53	−1.22	−1.34	−1.47	−1.58	−1.53	−1.67	−1.57
69	Q6IQ16	Speckle-type POZ protein-like	−1.42	−1.67	−1.47	−1.47	−1.63	−1.64	−1.68	−1.47
70	P21796	Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1	1.57	1.63	1.52	1.79	1.67	1.84	1.77	1.76
71	Q9Y3D8	Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 6	−1.51	−1.33	−1.43	−1.49	−1.46	−1.64	−1.74	−1.76
72	Q14152	Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit 12	−1.40	−1.37	−1.39	−1.49	−1.53	−1.67	−1.63	−1.53