Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Orally Administrated Denatured Naja Naja Atra Venom on Murine Rheumatoid Arthritis Models

Figure 4

Effects of the denatured NNAV on hyperalgesia in AIA rats. Mechanical allodynia was measured by the up-down method. (a) and (b) represent pretreatment protocol and posttreatment protocol, respectively. Data represent mean ± SD (𝑛=8). ^###𝑃<0.001 compared with normal control group, *𝑃<0.05, **𝑃<0.01, ***𝑃<0.001 compared with untreated arthritis group, ^††𝑃<0.05 denatured NNAV (270 μg/kg) versus TWP (15 mg/kg), ^Δ𝑃<0.05 denatured NNAV (90 μg/kg) versus native NNAV (90 μg/kg).

(a)

(b)