57 female patients with fibromyalgia (diagnosis unclear) Mean age: years Gender: female only
Medication
Qigong () (He Hua Qigong-Lotus method) 7 weeks 9 sessions 11.5 hours in total + home practice twice weekly 20 min each +2 sessions of external Qigong from Qigong master
Usual care ()
7 weeks
End of intervention (not specified) 4 months (combined group, all patients had received the intervention)
(1) Pain intensity (VNS) (2) Quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) (3) Sleep quality (VNS) (5) Depression (BDI)
(1) Sign. differences favoring Qigong (2) Sign. differences favoring Qigong (3) No sign. group difference (5) Sign. differences favoring Qigong
(1) Sign. improvement compared to baseline (2) Sign. improvement compared to baseline (3) No change (5) Sign. improvement compared to baseline
14 patients with fibromyalgia according to the ACR criteria Mean age: 55.7 years (Qigong) 57.7 years (Sham Qigong) Gender: female only
Medication (stable dosage, for pain, sleep, or mild depression)
Qigong () (Liu Zi Jue Qigong—“six healing sounds” Qigong: standing, sitting, supine postures, breathing exercises, quiet chanting, meditation) 2 initial sessions 45–60 min each + 6 weeks once weekly 45–60 min each + home practice twice daily 15–20 min each
30 patients with fibromyalgia according to the ACR criteria Mean age: 0 (Qigong) (Rességuier Method) Gender: not reported
Not reported
Qigong () (static and dynamic exercises, breathing exercises, self-massage) 3 weeks twice weekly 45 min each +4 weeks once weekly 45 min each
Rességuier Method () (training of awareness and control of bodily perceptions) 3 weeks twice weekly 60 min each +4 weeks once weekly 60 min each +home practise once daily 30 min each
7 weeks
(1) Pain (NRS) (2) Quality of life (FIQ, SF-36) (3) Sleep quality (NRS) (5) Depression (HADS) (6) Adverse events
(1) Sign. improvement in Qigong and Rességuier method (2) FIQ: Sign. in Qigong and Rességuier method SF-36: Sign. in Qigong and Rességuier method (3) No sign. change (5) Sign. improvement in Qigong (6) No adverse events
30 children (8–18 years) with fibromyalgia according to the ACR criteria Mean age: years (Qigong) years (Exercise) Gender: 12/4 f/m (Qigong) 10/4 f/m (education)
Not reported
Qigong () (postures, relaxation)
12 weeks three times weekly 35 min each
Exercise () (Aerobic exercise: cardiodance, boxing movements, stretching) 12 weeks three times weekly 50 min each
End of intervention (not specified)
(1) Pain intensity (PedsQL) (2) Quality of life (C-HAQ, QOML) (4) Fatigue (PedsQL) (5) Depression (CDI) (6) Adverse events
(1) No sign. group difference (2) C-HAQ: sign. differences favoring exercise QOML: sign. differences favoring exercise (4) Sign. differences favoring exercise (5) No sign. group difference (6) No adverse events
Abbreviations: ACR: American College of Rheumatology; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; CDI: Childhood Depression Inventory; C-HAQ: Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire; f: female; FIQ: Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; m: male; MFI: Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory; NRS: Numerical Rating Scale; PedsQL: Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; QOML: Quality of My Life; SF-36: Short Form 36 Health Survey; Sign.: significant; SMPQ: Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire; VNS: Visual Numerical Scale; WHOQOL-BREF: World Health Organization Quality of Life BREF.