Review Article
Recent Progress of Propolis for Its Biological and Chemical Compositions and Its Botanical Origin
Table 6
Chemical constituents of propolis that possess known pharmacological activities.
| Chemical compounds | Activities | References |
| Acacetin | Anti-inflammatory | [72] | Apigenin | Anti-inflammatory | [72] | Artepillin C | Antimicrobial Antitumor activity Antioxidative | [23, 41, 73–75] | Caffeic acid phenethyl ester | Antitumor activity Anti-inflammatory | [76, 77] | Chrysin | Anti-inflammatory | [72] | Caffeic acid | Antibacterial Antifungal Antiviral Anti-inflammatory | [72, 78–80] | Cinnamic acid | Anti-inflammatory | [72] | Dicaffeoylquinic acid derivatives | Hepatoprotective | [81] | Ferulic acid | Anti-inflammatory | [72] | Galangin | Anti-inflammatory | [72] | Gallic acid | Anti-inflammatory | [72] | Moronic acid | Anti-HIV | [9] | Isoferulic acid | Anti-inflammatory | [72] | Pinostrobin | Local anesthesia | [82] | Protocatechuic acid | Anti-inflammatory | [72] | Pinocembrin | Antibacterial Antifungal Antimold Local anesthesia | [79, 80, 82, 83] | Propofol | Antioxidative | [7] | ρ-Coumaric acid | Antibacterial | [74] | m-Coumaric acid | Anti-inflammatory | [72] | o-Coumaric acid | Anti-inflammatory | [72] | Quercetin | Anti-inflammatory Antiviral Antihistamine Ulcer healing Capillary strengthening | [41, 78] | Volatile constituents (phenols, esters, terpenoids, etc.) | Antibacterial | [64] | 2,2-Dimethyl-6-carboxyethyl-2H-1-benzopyran | Antimicrobial | [81] | 3-[3,4-Dihydroxy-5-prenylphenyl]-2-(E)-propenoic acid | Antioxidative | [84] |
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