A New Herbal Formula, KSG-002, Suppresses Breast Cancer Growth and Metastasis by Targeting NF-κB-Dependent TNFα Production in Macrophages
Figure 3
KSG-002 inhibits macrophage infiltration. (a) Infiltrating macrophage numbers in tumor cohorts. Xenograft tumor tissues were stained with anti-F4/80 antibody. 20x objectives. (b) Raw264.7 cell viability. Cells were treated with each extract at different concentrations for 48 hours and subjected to MTT assays. Experiments were performed three times in triplicate. Representative data indicate mean ± standard deviation. (versus control). (c) Raw264.7 cells were cultured in MDA-MB-231-conditioned medium and treated with KSG-001 or KSG-002 for 48 hours. Experiments were performed three times. Data indicate mean ± standard deviation. (d) Raw264.7 cells were cultured on the upper chamber and treated with KSG-001 or KSG-002. The bottom chamber was added with MDA-MB-231 medium. Raw264.7 cells migrated were stained with crystal violet and counted. Experiments were performed three times. Data show means ± standard deviations. . (e) MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured on the upper chamber, and the bottom chamber was filled with Raw264.7 media that were obtained from Raw 264.7 cells treated with KSG-001 or KSG-002 for 24 hours. Cells were stained with crystal violet and counted. Experiments were done three times. Data indicate mean ± standard deviation. (versus control).
