Mediterranean Diet and Red Yeast Rice Supplementation for the Management of Hyperlipidemia in Statin-Intolerant Patients with or without Type 2 Diabetes

Table 1

Baseline anthropometric and haematochemical parameters in the four groups of patients. Data are the mean ± standard deviation (SD).

	Group 1; Diabetic patients/diet; (𝑛=46)	Group 2; Diabetic patients/diet +; red rice (𝑛=44)	Group 3; Dyslipidemic patients/diet; (𝑛=38)	Group 4; Dyslipidemic patients/diet +; red rice (𝑛=43)	𝑃
					Group 1 versus 2	Group 3 versus 4
Gender (M/F)	19/27	18/26	20/18	14/29	n.s.	n.s.
Age (yrs)	53.28±10.41	54.73±11.40	52.37±9.83	51.28±9.68	n.s	n.s.
Height (m)	1.64±0.09	1.66±0.11	1.67±0.08	1.66±0.09	n.s.	n.s.
Body weight (kg)	84.68±10.25	82.10±17.26	77.95±14.15	70.25±12.01	n.s.	●
BMI	31.57±3.73	29.70±5.02	27.77±4.26	25.36±3.16	●	●●
Waist (cm)	98.64±11.47	96.75±12.69	94.61±12.07	86.70±10.43	n.s	●●
TC (mg/dL)	231.13±22.01	234.80±19.09	251.37±32.76	275.81±32.20	n.s.	●●●
LDL (mg/dL)	149.07±21.95	148.72±20.38	168.23±31.70	188.98±28.79	n.s.	●●●
HDL (mg/dL)	54.15±13.17	60.00±15.46	49.66±12.50	61.26±16.94	n.s.	●●●
TG (mg/dL)	139.52±53.69	130.36±58.32	167.42±100.75	127.91±65.82	n.s.	●
CPK (ng/mL)	112.47±40.68	110.59±35.74	114.03±40.95	114.23±46.57	n.s	n.s.
AST (mU/mL)	27.37±17.34	29.18±19.92	23.03±7.83	22.44±6.14	n.s	n.s.
ALT (mU/mL)	30.74±18.58	32.41±17.62	32.95±23.89	22.09±7.37	n.s	●●
GGT (mU/mL)	26.53±19.45	28.43±20.17	29.55±28.17	22.05±10.89	n.s	n.s.
Systolic BP (mmHg)	142.80±15.00	134.05±14.39	130.53±17.00	124.77±15.08	●●	n.s.
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	86.07±10.74	81.52±8.15	81.18±10.36	77.56±8.89	●	n.s.

To assess statistical differences between groups, ANOVA followed by post hoc test was used for continuous data; for frequency data, 𝜒² test was used.
●●●: 𝑃<0.001; ●●: 𝑃<0.01; ●: 𝑃<0.05; n.s.: not significant.
Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; TC: total cholesterol; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; TG: triglyceride; CPK: creatinine phosphokinase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; GGT: gamma glutamyl transferase; BP: blood pressure.