Mediterranean Diet and Red Yeast Rice Supplementation for the Management of Hyperlipidemia in Statin-Intolerant Patients with or without Type 2 Diabetes
Table 2
Differences () (after − before), expressed as percentage of basal value, in parameters observed in the four groups of patients, following 24 weeks of treatment.
Difference (after − before) % of basal at 6 months
Group 1 Diabetic patients diet ()
Group 2 Diabetic patients diet + red rice ()
Group 3 Dyslipidemic patients diet ()
Group 4 Dyslipidemic patients diet + red rice (
Group 1 versus 2
Group 3 versus 4
-Body weight % (kg)
0.89
0.83
−0.86
0.55
−3.89
0.92†††
−0.87
0.51
n.s.
●●
-BMI %
0.89
0.83
−0.86
0.55
−3.89
0.92†††
−0.87
0.51
n.s.
●●
-Waist % (cm)
−0.89
0.32
−0.93
0.44
−2.42
0.82††
−0.98
0.55
n.s.
n.s.
-TC % (mg/dL)
−4.65
1.92†
−15.45
1.26†††
−11.96
1.43†††
−16.94
1.51†††
●●●
●
-LDL % (mg/dL)
−7.34
3.14†
−21.02
1.63†††
−12.47
1.75†††
−22.00
2.19†††
●●●
●●
-HDL % (mg/dL)
2.87
2.38
−2.93
1.72
−0.11
2.67
−1.94
1.53
●
n.s.
-TG % (mg/dL)
2.30
4.32
−3.77
4.33
−7.24
7.53
−7.52
3.83
n.s.
n.s.
-CPK % (ng/mL)
−2.84
1.32
−3.51
1.84
−1.15
1.36
2.14
5.62
n.s.
n.s.
-AST % (mU/mL)
−6.48
2.83†
−7.52
3.31†
0.52
4.52
−0.78
2.40
n.s.
n.s.
-ALT % (mU/mL)
−6.60
2.58†
−7.12
2.96†
−12.37
6.02†
1.60
3.30
n.s.
●
-GGT % (mU/mL)
8.47
15.74
10.30
18.64
−6.89
4.39
−1.48
4.67
n.s
n.s.
-Systolic BP % (mmHg)
3.42
2.13
−2.06
1.45
−0.47
1.83
1.51
1.75
●
n.s.
-Diastolic BP % (mmHg)
3.03
2.80
−0.41
1.33
−0.23
1.75
0.49
1.56
n.s.
n.s.
Statistical significance for difference (after − before); treatment within each group of patients was checked with Student’s -test for paired data. †††; ††; †. To assess statistical differences between groups, ANOVA followed by post hoc test was used. ●●●: ; ●●: ; ●: ; n.s.: not significant. Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; TC: total cholesterol; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; TG: triglyceride; CPK: creatinine phosphokinase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; GGT: gamma glutamyl transferase; BP: blood pressure.
Data are the mean standard error of the mean (SEM). Negative values indicate a decrease of the parameter after respective treatment.
