Prunus mume and Lithospermum erythrorhizon Extracts Synergistically Prevent Visceral Adiposity by Improving Energy Metabolism through Potentiating Hypothalamic Leptin and Insulin Signalling in Ovariectomized Rats

Table 1

Metabolic parameters at the end of experimental periods.

	Control (𝑛=15)	PMA (𝑛=15)	LES (𝑛=15)	PMA+LES (𝑛=15)	Sham (𝑛=15)
Body weight (g)	284.2±18.6^a	275.5±22.7^ab	270.8±17.1^b	255.1±15.5^c∗	251.3±11.2^†
Body weight gain (g)	63.5±4.8^a	55.1±4.7^b	50.2±4.3^b	38.2±2.7^c∗	35.2±2.4^†
Peri-uterine fat (g)	7.8±0.9^a	6.4±0.8^b	5.9±0.7^b	5.1±0.8^c∗	5.3±0.7^†
Ratio of peri-uterine fat and body weight	0.027±0.005^a	0.023±0.004^b	0.022±0.004^b	0.020±0.004^b∗	0.021±0.003^†
Retroperitoneum fat (g)	5.9±0.9^a	4.1±0.7^b	3.8±0.6^b	3.1±0.7^c∗	3.0±0.4^†
Ratio of retroperitoneum fat and body weight	0.021±0.003^a	0.015±0.003^b	0.01±0.003^b	0.012±0.003^b∗	0.012±0.003
Caloric intakes (kcal/day)	130.9±15.9^a	128.2±15.5^a	126.6±14.2^ab	115.8±13.4^b∗	120.5±15.6
Overnight fasted leptin levels (ng/mL)	3.4±0.6	3.8±0.6	3.7±0.6	3.7±0.6	4.0±0.8^†

Control, OVX rats fed a high fat diet (HFD) with 5% cellulose; PMA, OVX rats fed HFD with 5% Prunus mume;LES, OVX rats fed HFD 5% Lithospermum erythrorhizon; PMA+LES, OVX rats fed HFD with 2.5% PMA and 2.5% LES. Sham, Sham rats fed a high fat diet (HFD) with 5% cellulose.
*Significantly different among the groups of OVX rats at 𝑃<0.05.
^a,b,cValues on the same row with different superscripts were significantly different at 𝑃<0.05.
^†Significant difference between OVX rats and Sham rats at 𝑃<0.05.