Exploring Antiurolithic Effects of Gokshuradi Polyherbal Ayurvedic Formulation in Ethylene-Glycol-Induced Urolithic Rats

Table 4

Effect of GPAE and standard drug on kidney and liver parameters.

Parameters	Control	Urolithic	GPAE 50 mg/kg	GPAE 100 mg	Standard drug 100 mg/kg
Kidney weight (g)	0.78 ± 0.05	1.21**  ± 0.12	1.09*  ± 0.14	0.82^#  ± 0.07	0.98*  ± 0.12
CD^f	Absent	Significant	Moderate	Not significant	Moderate
MDA^g (nmol)	0.64 ± 0.14	6.52**  ± 0.85	3.06 ± 1.10	1.09^##  ± 0.42	2.85 ± 1.08
PCC^h (nmol)	5.08 ± 0.68	13.04**  ± 1.36	10.12 ± 1.88	8.05^#  ± 1.14	9.80 ± 1.23
GSH^i (nmol)	17.89 ± 0.98	13.10*  ± 1.33	15.03 ± 1.82	16.98^#  ± 1.57	14.02 ± 1.31
SOD^j (U)	6.22 ± 0.84	3.01**  ± 0.29	4.58 ± 0.32	5.48^#  ± 0.56	4.21 ± 0.21
GPX^k (U)	0.58 ± 0.05	0.32*  ± 0.04	0.47 ± 0.08	0.53^#  ± 0.07	0.48 ± 0.05
Cat^l (μMH2O2/min)	32.89 ± 2.55	16.89**  ± 1.98	20.92 ± 5.11	24.90 ± 2.32	21.08 ± 4.32
GOx^m (nmol/mg)	1.61 ± 0.07	2.35 ± 0.06**	1.77 ± 0.17	1.50 ± 0.10^#	1.65 ± 0.17
LDH^n (U/mg) (Liver)	1.54 ± 0.06	4.03 ± 0.09**	1.49 ± 1.08	1.51 ± 0.06^#	1.46 ± 1.04
LDH^o (U/mg) (Kidney)	2.82 ± 0.16	4.68 ± 0.19**	3.19 ± 1.08	3.07 ± 1.08^#	3.32 ± 1.04
Calcium^p (mg/g) (Kidney)	0.292 ± 0.16	0.498 ± 0.082	0.375 ± 0.078	0.316 ± 0.021^##	0.369 ± 0.038^#

Values given are mean ± S.E.M. (n = 6).*P < 0.05. **P < 0.01 versus control group. ^#P < 0.05. ^##P < 0.01 versus urolithic group.
^fCrystal deposits/100x: field, ^gmalondialdehyde, ^hprotein carbonyl content, ⁱreduced glutathione, ^jsuperoxide dismutase, ^kglutathione peroxidase, ^lcatalase, ^mglycolate oxidase (nmol of glyoxylate formed/mg protein), ⁿliver lactate dehydrogenase (U/mg protein), ^okidney lactate dehydrogenase (U/mg protein), and ^pkidney calcium content.