Chinese Medicinal Formula (MHGWT) for Relieving Diabetic Neuropathic Pain: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Table 5

Changes of scores of short-form 36 questionnaire after interventions.

Domains	Group, number		𝑃 value
	MHGWT group (𝑛=56)	Placebo group (𝑛=56)
Physical function
Time 1^a	68.16 ± 22.05	64.91 ± 21.38	0.43
Time 2^b	73.80 ± 21.14	66.12 ± 24.39	0.11
Time 3^c	81.70 ± 17.52	73.07 ± 20.32	0.04^∗
Time 4^d	83.80 ± 14.38	69.38 ± 21.68	<0.001^∗∗∗
Scheffe’s test for time effect	a, b < c, d	a, b < c
Role limitation due to physical problems
Time 1^a	25.00 ± 33.74	26.82 ± 38.75	0.79
Time 2^b	36.41 ± 31.93	21.94 ± 34.47	0.04^∗
Time 3^c	61.36 ± 34.71	32.95 ± 38.04	<0.001^∗∗∗
Time 4^d	73.91 ± 32.90	28.13 ± 37.05	<0.001^∗∗∗
Scheffe’s test for time effect	a, b < c, d
Bodily pain
Time 1^a	47.09 ± 10.95	50.13 ± 17.53	0.28
Time 2^b	57.67 ± 11.61	54.02 ± 15.78	0.20
Time 3^c	64.39 ± 14.47	56.05 ± 15.61	0.01^∗
Time 4^d	66.07 ± 14.15	57.10 ± 15.19	0.004^∗∗
Scheffe’s test for time effect	a < b < c, d	a < c, d
General perception of health
Time 1^a	27.65 ± 17.18	31.89 ± 17.02	0.19
Time 2^b	39.04 ± 17.37	33.14 ± 18.59	0.11
Time 3^c	48.98 ± 18.70	34.64 ± 18.83	<0.001^∗∗∗
Time 4^d	51.59 ± 19.67	33.15 ± 19.02	<0.001^∗∗∗
Scheffe’s test for time effect	a < b < c, d
Vitality
Time 1^a	46.23 ± 13.37	50.82 ± 18.25	0.13
Time 2^b	51.20 ± 12.16	50.51 ± 13.63	0.80
Time 3^c	56.02 ± 13.06	52.50 ± 13.91	0.22
Time 4^d	58.26 ± 11.70	51.46 ± 14.25	0.01^∗
Scheffe’s test for time effect	a, b < d; a < c
Social functioning
Time 1^a	64.25 ± 17.11	65.68 ± 17.05	0.66
Time 2^b	69.29 ± 16.61	66.07 ± 18.04	0.37
Time 3^c	80.40 ± 17.13	70.17 ± 17.72	0.007^∗∗
Time 4^d	80.16 ± 19.29	69.53 ± 16.08	0.005^∗∗
Scheffe’s test for time effect	a, b < c, d
Role limitation due to emotional problems
Time 1^a	49.12 ± 41.84	52.12 ± 42.92	0.71
Time 2^b	61.48 ± 42.02	42.86 ± 41.39	0.03^∗
Time 3^c	75.00 ± 34.57	51.52 ± 40.95	0.005^∗∗
Time 4^d	82.61 ± 33.51	40.97 ± 37.81	<0.001^∗∗∗
Scheffe’s test for time effect	a, b < d; a < c
Mental health
Time 1^a	63.02 ± 14.53	64.95 ± 16.63	0.52
Time 2^b	69.57 ± 13.19	66.20 ± 12.28	0.20
Time 3^c	71.82 ± 15.14	67.36 ± 12.65	0.14
Time 4^d	73.39 ± 13.18	66.17 ± 13.25	0.009^∗∗
Scheffe’s test for time effect	a < b, c, d
Physical component scale
Time 1^a	34.97 ± 7.02	35.14 ± 7.63	0.90
Time 2^b	38.41 ± 7.14	35.91 ± 9.03	0.14
Time 3^c	43.72 ± 7.84	38.17 ± 8.54	0.002^∗∗
Time 4^d	45.36 ± 7.05	37.69 ± 8.50	<0.001^∗∗∗
Scheffe’s test for time effect	a < b < c, d	a < c, d
Mental component scale
Time 1^a	43.80 ± 9.51	45.51 ± 9.66	0.35
Time 2^b	47.11 ± 8.50	44.53 ± 7.96	0.13
Time 3^c	49.05 ± 9.29	45.50 ± 7.81	0.06
Time 4^d	49.94 ± 8.77	44.11 ± 7.26	<0.001^∗∗∗
Scheffe’s test for time effect	a < c, d

Time 2 was in the end of 4 weeks, time 3 was in the end of 8 weeks, and time 4 was in the end of 12 weeks.
Data were presented as mean ± SD.
𝑃 values are calculated for the comparison between MHGWT and placebo groups by independent 𝑡-test.
𝑃<0.05^∗; 𝑃<0.01^∗∗; 𝑃<0.001^∗∗∗.
a: time 1; b: time 2; c: time 3; d: time 4.