Postischemic Long-Term Treatment with Qiangli Tianma Duzhong Capsule Improves Brain Functional Recovery via the Improvement of Hemorrheology and the Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation in a Rat Model of Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Table 3

Hemorrheology parameters in stroke rats. Animals underwent 2 h MCAO and reperfusion and received either an oral administration of TMDZ or vehicle (distilled water) at 2 h MCAO, 4 h reperfusion, and every day later for 28 days, and then the blood was obtained, and hemorrheology parameters were detected. Values shown are mean ± S.D., 𝑛=10. Statistical analysis was carried out with one-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Tukey test.

Parameters	Sham	Ischemia/reperfusion control	Tianma Duzhong capsule
			44.5 mg/kg	89 mg/kg	178 mg/kg
WBV: low shear (mPas) ∣ 10 s^−1	9.08±0.88	13.60±3.10^##	11.21±2.10	8.75±2.01^∗∗	9.14±1.75^∗∗
WBV: moderate shear (mPas) ∣ 60 s^−1	5.31±0.37	6.74±0.61^##	5.95±0.99^∗	5.08±0.95^∗∗	5.22±0.74^∗∗
WBV: high shear (mPas) ∣ 150 s^−1	4.14±0.41	5.26±0.52^##	4.67±0.79	4.11±0.77^∗∗	4.16±0.47^∗∗
PV	1.04±0.04	1.12±0.06	1.12±0.86	1.10±0.06	1.07±0.02^∗
WBRV: low shear	19.8±2.98	28.18±7.25^##	25.02±6.54	18.93±3.04^∗∗	20.30±4.27^∗∗
WBRV: moderate shear	10.53±1.6	12.66±1.59^##	12.69±4.75	9.99±2.22^∗∗	10.40±1.76^∗∗
WBRV: high shear	7.69±1.74	9.30±1.07^##	8.66±1.58	7.49±1.56^∗	7.75±1.08^∗∗
Fb	2.04±0.26	2.90±1.02^#	2.64±1.10	2.27±0.32	2.10±0.42^∗
HCT (%)	41.0±4.41	44.61±3.74	42.97±6.71	40.14±5.39	39.8±3.30^∗∗
ESR(MM/H)	1.11±0.33	2.90±2.88	3.20±4.96	1.38±0.52	1.40±0.52
ESRK	3.79±1.46	10.54±9.93	9.45±9.20	4.26±1.08	4.35±1.44
RBCAI	2.22±0.32	2.59±0.51	2.41±0.37	2.13±0.21^∗	2.19±0.27^∗
RBCRI	7.42±1.89	8.29±0.92	7.39±1.21	6.83±1.33^∗	7.22±1.06^∗
RBCDI	1.05±0.18	1.04±0.08	1.02±0.12	1.02±0.13	1.05±0.09
RBCEI	5.43±0.70	5.86±1.34	5.69±0.92	5.35±0.57	5.53±0.86

^#𝑃<0.05 and ^##𝑃<0.01 versus sham-operated group (Sham); ^∗𝑃<0.05 and ^∗∗𝑃<0.01 versus ischemic-reperfusion control group (IR Control). WBV: whole blood viscosity; WBRV: whole blood reduced viscosity; PV: Plasma viscosity; Fb: fibrinogen; HCT: heamatocrit; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; ESRK: erythrocyte sedimentation rate equation K value; RBCAI: red blood cell aggregation index; RBCRI: red blood cell rigidity index; RBCDI: red blood cell deformation index; RBCEI: red blood cell electrophoresis index.