Norcantharidin, Derivative of Cantharidin, for Cancer Stem Cells

Figure 2

Model of crosstalk between hedgehog signaling, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, notch signaling, and phosphoinositide 3 (PI3)-kinase/Akt pathway and targeting by norcantharidin (NCTD). β-cat: β-catenin; BCRP: breast cancer resistance protein; Fu: fused; HSPG: Gli: glioma-associated oncogene family zinc finger; GSK-3: glycogen synthase kinase 3; Heparin-sulfated forms of proteoglycans; NICD: intracellular domain of Notch; JAG: Protein jagged; LRP: Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein; MDR: multidrug resistance; MRPs: multidrug resistance proteins; NCTD: norcantharidin; P-gp: P-glycoprotein; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PKA: protein kinase A; Ptch: patched; SFRPs: secreted frizzled receptor proteins; Shh: sonic hedgehog; Smo: smoothened; Sufu: suppressor of fu.