Use of Propolis Hydroalcoholic Extract to Treat Colitis Experimentally Induced in Rats by 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid

Table 2

Stereomicroscopic assessment of the distal colons of rats that received rectal TNBS (to induce colitis) or saline solution (S) after treatment for 5 or 12 days with propolis hydroalcoholic solution (TNBS-P and SP) or mesalazine solution (TNBS-M). The animals were euthanized 7 or 14 days after the colitis was induced. The results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (𝑛=5).

Group/time (days)	Score (0–5); (0) Absence of inflamed areas; (1) Localized hyperemia without ulcerations; (2) Mild hyperemia, linear ulcers without significant inflammation; (3) Ulcerations without necrosis (crusts), 2 to 4 cm of inflammation; (4) Ulcerations with crusts, 2 to 4 cm of inflammation; (5) Ulcerations with crusts (inflammation >4 cm)
	Day 7	Day 14
S	0^a	0^a
TNBS	4.6±0.55^b	3.2±1.79^b
SP	0.6±0.55^a	0.2±0.45^a
TNBS-P	3.6±1.14^ab	3.0±2.0^ab
TNBS-M	4.2±1.30^b	3.8±1.79^b

^a,bThe means followed by different letters in the same column are significantly different according to the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s post-test (𝑃<0.05).