UPLC Q-TOF/MS-Based Metabolic Profiling of Urine Reveals the Novel Antipyretic Mechanisms of Qingkailing Injection in a Rat Model of Yeast-Induced Pyrexia
Table 1
Metabolites selected as biomarkers characterized in urine profiles and their change trends.
No.
(min)
Metabolites
Trend in PGa
Trend in TGb
VIP
1
0.5222
104.1074
4-Aminobutyric acid
↑***
↓
***
4.73
2
0.5549
118.0867
Glycocyamine
↑***
↓
**
5.08
3
0.5648
114.0667
Creatinine
↑
↓
**
4.66
4
0.6110
143.0819
Ectoine
↑*
↓
*
5.14
5
0.6440
176.0978
Citrulline
↑***
↓
***
3.51
6
0.6686
325.1131
Difructose anhydride I
↑**
↓
3.95
7
0.6730
127.0478
Imidazoleacetic acid
↑***
↓
***
3.54
8
0.6877
259.0931
3-Methyluridine
↑***
↓
***
4.17
9
0.7837
130.0502
1-Pyrroline-4-hydroxy-2-carboxylate
↓
↑***
3.98
10
1.2175
116.0709
Proline
↓
**
↑*
3.38
11
1.5638
126.0666
5-Methylcytosine
↑*
↓
***
3.07
12
2.6807
227.1029
3-Hydroxykynurenine
↑
↓
***
2.18
13
2.7929
220.1183
Pantothenic acid
↑
↓
*
5.10
14
2.8259
384.1149
Succinyladenosine
↑***
↓
***
6.10
15
3.3189
205.0966
Tryptophan
↑***
↓
***
4.84
16
3.4148
206.0452
Xanthurenate
↓
***
↑***
6.88
17
3.6484
160.0971
Methylbutyrylglycine
↓
***
↑
3.10
18
4.2819
180.0658
Hippurate
↓
*
↑
3.53
19
4.8699
162.0553
Indole-3-carboxylic acid
↑
↓
**
2.38
20
10.8441
274.2741
Hexadecasphinganine
↑*
↓
**
4.06
21
11.3671
812.4414
PE(22:6/20:4)
↑***
↓
***
5.39
Change trend compared with CG.
bChange trend compared with PG. The levels of potential biomarkers were labeled with (↓) downregulated and (↑) upregulated (*; **; ***; one-way ANOVA followed by independent samples -test).
