Flavonoids Identified from Korean Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi Inhibit Inflammatory Signaling by Suppressing Activation of NF-κB and MAPK in RAW 264.7 Cells
Figure 4
(a) The flavonoids suppressed the activation of MAPK signaling pathway. (b) The mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-, (b-1) IL-6, and (b-2) protein expression of TNF- and IL-6. Raw 264.7 cells were pretreated for 1 h with the indicated concentrations of flavonoids, followed by stimulation with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 15 min, 6 h, and 24 h in MAPK signaling pathway assay, mRNA assay, and ELISA, respectively. Data shown are the mean ± standard deviation. Three independent experiments were conducted, and differences between mean values were assessed by Student’s t-test. (*) indicates an increase in expression relative to the control (), and (**) indicates a decrease in expression relative to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group ().
