Analgesia Is Enhanced by Providing Information regarding Good Outcomes Associated with an Odor: Placebo Effects in Aromatherapy?
Figure 2
Changes in pain (a) and unpleasantness (b) scores during the lavender-odor and no-odor treatments in the informed and not-informed groups. For each subject, changes in the pain and unpleasantness scores during the lavender-odor or the no-odor treatments were obtained by subtraction of the pain and unpleasantness scores during no treatment from those scores during the lavender-odor and non-odor treatments, respectively. The changes in the pain and unpleasantness scores in each group are presented as the mean standard error (SE). Minus values indicate decreases. *, **.
