Saussurea lappa Clarke-Derived Costunolide Prevents TNFα-Induced Breast Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion by Inhibiting NF-κB Activity
Figure 2
Costunolide inhibits TNFα-induced MDA-MB-231 cell migration and invasion. (a) Structure of costunolide. (b) MDA-MB-231 cells were seeded and scratched. Treatment with costunolide for 24 hours and counted. *. (c) MDA-MB-231 cells were seeded on the upper chambers and treated with costunolide in 0% serum. Low chamber filed with 10% serum. *. (d) Pretreated with costunolide for 1 hour and then exposed to TNFα for 24 hours. Cell migration was determined by counting numbers of cells migrated from the wound healing region. *. (e) MDA-MB-231 cells were seeded on the upper chambers and treated with costunolide. Low chamber filed with TNFα. *.
