Antioxidant Capacity, Cytotoxicity, and Acute Oral Toxicity of Gynura bicolor

Table 3

Cytotoxic activity (IC₅₀ values) of G. bicolor extracts against selected human cell lines.

Extract	Treatment; duration (hour)	Cytotoxicity (IC50) in μg/mL
		HT-29	HCT 116	HCT-15	SW480	Caco-2	MCF7	CCD-18Co
Methanol	24	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100
	48	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100
	72	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100
Hexane	24	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100
	48	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100
	72	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100
Ethyl acetate	24	39.7 ± 1.7	16.0 ± 4.5	12.8 ± 5.3	26.3 ± 1.2	32.7 ± 1.5	36.5 ± 3.4	>100
	48	49.5 ± 8.6	20.9 ± 0.2	18.7 ± 1.9	31.7 ± 5.7	46.3 ± 8.7	34.8 ± 0.8	>100
	72	37.3 ± 2.5	29.2 ± 0.9	21.2 ± 1.2	47.8 ± 3.6	55.2 ± 6.4	46.3 ± 4.2	>100
Water	24	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100
	48	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100
	72	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100
Cis-platin*	24	>12.5	12.0 ± 0.7	6.2 ± 0.4	>12.5	>12.5	11.2 ± 0.5	>12.5
	48	10.1 ± 0.2	4.0 ± 0.3	3.9 ± 0.2	6.8 ± 0.5	4.3 ± 0.4	4.2 ± 0.4	>12.5
	72	6.4 ± 0.6	2.9 ± 0.1	1.7 ± 0.4	3.2 ± 0.6	1.9 ± 0.2	2.7 ± 0.3	>12.5

∗Positive reference standard. Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (𝑛=3).