Effect of Laser Irradiation at Different Wavelengths (940, 808, and 658 nm) on Pressure Ulcer Healing: Results from a Clinical Study
Table 1
Characteristics of patients.
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Number of patients**
18
18
17
18
>0.05
Age (years)**
Range
24–88
29–81
32–81
27–70
>0.05
Average
67.39
69.03
68.22
65.34
Median
69.21
70.11
68.89
66.21
SD
11.23
12.03
10.09
11.23
Sex*
Female
10
10
9
10
>0.05
Male
8
8
8
8
Adipositas* (BMI > 30 kg/m2)
7
7
6
6
>0.05
Smokers*
7
8
7
9
>0.05
EPUAP scale***
IIA
5
5
4
5
>0.05
IIB
8
8
8
7
III
5
5
5
6
Duration of ulcers (months)**
Range
1.2–3.6
1.3–4.6
1–3.8
2–3.6
>0.05
Average
2.12
2.78
2.03
2.01
Median
2.02
2.52
2.67
2.39
SD
2.56
3.01
3.02
2.89
Initial wound size** (cm2)
Range
0.7–49.6
1.9–49.2
0.9–40.6
0.7–40.1
>0.05
Average
30.23
34.88
32.87
30.89
Median
34.80
33.99
34.02
29.66
SD
29.17
36.12
31.33
31.83
test. Kruskal-Wallis test. Wounds were classified based on the following criteria from the EPUAP scale. Partial-thickness loss of the dermis was considered a stage II ulcer; it was subdivided into stage IIA (shallow lesions involving only the epidermis) and stage IIB (ulcers with damaged dermis). Full-thickness tissue loss was classified as a stage III pressure ulcer and involved subcutaneous tissue and fascia.
