Antiepileptic Effect of <i>Uncaria rhynchophylla</i> and <i>Rhynchophylline</i> Involved in the Initiation of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Phosphorylation of MAPK Signal Pathways in Acute Seizures of Kainic Acid-Treated Rats

<table>KA-induced epileptic seizure and EEG and EMG changes. KA (i.p.) in rats caused 4 types of epileptic seizures: wet dog shakes with polyspike-like artifacts on the EEG and EMG, facial myoclonia with continuous sharp waves on the EEG, and paw tremor with continuous spikes on the EEG. Lt Cx: EEG recorded at left cerebral cortex. Rt Cx: EEG recorded at right cerebral cortex. Baseline: EEG and EMG recordings prior to KA administration.</table>

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Figure 1

Figure 1: Antiepileptic Effect of <i>Uncaria rhynchophylla</i> and <i>Rhynchophylline</i> Involved in the Initiation of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Phosphorylation of MAPK Signal Pathways in Acute Seizures of Kainic Acid-Treated Rats 

Figure 1 | Antiepileptic Effect of Uncaria rhynchophylla and Rhynchophylline Involved in the Initiation of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Phosphorylation of MAPK Signal Pathways in Acute Seizures of Kainic Acid-Treated Rats 