P90RSK and Nrf2 Activation via MEK1/2-ERK1/2 Pathways Mediated by Notoginsenoside R2 to Prevent 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Apoptotic Death in SH-SY5Y Cells
Figure 3
Protective effect of NGR2 on 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. The SH-SY5Y cells were preincubated with 20 μM NGR2 for 24 h followed by treatment with 50 μM 6-OHDA for 24 h. (a) Photographs of morphological changes in SH-SY5Y cells were visualized by an inverted microscope connected to a digital camera, bar = 50 μm. (b) Photographs of DNA fragmentation were detected by TUNEL assay in the apoptotic SH-SY5Y cells, bar = 50 μm. Arrows represent TUNEL-positive cells. (c) Cell apoptosis was determined by Annexin V-PI double staining kits by using flow cytometry. (d) Quantification of the TUNEL-positive cell rate. (e) Quantification of the apoptosis rate. The results were expressed as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ## indicates a significant difference from the control (). ** indicates a significant difference from the 6-OHDA treatment alone ().
