Qigong Exercise Alleviates Fatigue, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptoms, Improves Sleep Quality, and Shortens Sleep Latency in Persons with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome-Like Illness

Table 1

Demographic characteristics and lifestyles variables ().

Variables	Qigong ()		Waitlist ()		value
	Mean (SD)	(%)	Mean (SD)	(%)
Age (years)	39.1 (7.8)		38.9 (8.1)		0.853
Gender
Female		46 (61.3%)		62 (82.7%)	0.004
Employment
Full time		67 (89.3%)		68 (90.7%)	0.401
Part time		1 (1.3%)		3 (4.0%)
Housewife/unemployed/retired		7 (9.3%)		4 (5.3%)
Education
Secondary or below		29 (38.7%)		27 (36.0%)	0.234
Tertiary or undergraduate		36 (48.0%)		30 (40.0%)
Master or above		10 (13.3%)		18 (24.0%)
Marital status
Single		29 (38.7%)		26 (34.7%)	0.242
Married/cohabiting		45 (60.0%)		44 (58.7%)
Divorced/separated		1 (1.3%)		5 (6.7%)
Number of children
0		43 (57.3%)		45 (60.0%)	0.707
1		11 (14.7%)		12 (16.0%)
2		18 (24.0%)		13 (17.3%)
3 or more		3 (4.0%)		8 (5.3%)
Has religious affiliation		33 (44.0%)		29 (38.7%)	0.507
Household monthly income (HK$)
<10,000		10 (13.3%)		11 (14.7%)	0.378
10,000–19,999		22 (29.3%)		22 (29.3%)
20,000–29,999		19 (25.3%)		10 (13.3%)
≥30,000		10 (13.3%)		18 (24.0%)
No income		4 (5.3%)		3 (4.0%)
Refused to answer		10 (13.3%)		11 (14.7%)
Lifestyle variables
Regular exercise		30 (40.0%)		27 (36.0%)	0.614
Daily smoking		3 (4.0%)		3 (4.0%)	1.000
Alcohol drinking ≥2/week		2 (2.7%)		3 (4.0%)	1.000
Body mass index	22.3 (4.9)		21.6 (3.4)		0.360