Comparison on the Effects and Safety of Tualang Honey and Tribestan in Sperm Parameters, Erectile Function, and Hormonal Profiles among Oligospermic Males

Table 2

Sociodemographic and baseline medical characteristics.

Variable	Tualang honey ()		Tribestan ()		P value
	mean (SD^a)	(%)	mean (SD^a)	(%)
Sociodemographic
Age (years)	34.0 (4.87)		34.9 (6.89)		0.524^b
Marriage duration (years)	4.5 (2.50)		6.1 (4.31)		0.072^b
Number of children	0.2 (0.39)		0.3 (0.67)		0.585^b
Number of partner	1.0 (0.17)		1.1 (0.25)		0.526^b
Race
Malay		28 (82.4)		29 (90.6)	0.328^c
Non-Malay		6 (17.6)		3 (9.4)
Education level
Primary and secondary school		19 (55.9)		14 (43.8)	0.325^c
College and university		15 (44.1)		18 (56.3)
Smoking status
Nonsmoker		24 (70.6)		23 (71.9)	0.908^c
Smoker		10 (29.4)		9 (28.1)
Physical examination
SBP (mmHg)	126.2 (13.34)		121.8 (10.20)		0.137^b
DBP (mmHg)	80.7 (10.04)		76.6 (7.49)		0.063^b
BMI (kg/m^2)	27.4 (3.56)		26.2 (3.49)		0.173^b
Size of right testes (mL)	18.0 (2.90)		16.6 (3.40)		0.081^b
Size of left testes (mL)	17.9 (2.93)		16.4 (3.75)		0.084^b
Sperm quantity and quality
Sperm concentration (×10^6/mL)	12.4 (4.58)		12.9 (4.99)		0.632^b
Sperm motility (%)	38.3 (20.25)		40.4 (23.69)		0.692^b
Sperm morphology (%)	65.1 (23.97)		63.0 (28.30)		0.746^b
Erectile function
IIEF-5 score	20.1 (2.91)		20.8 (3.47)		0.362^b
Grading of erectile function
No dysfunction		19 (55.9)		24 (75.0)	0.041^c
Mild dysfunction		15 (44.1)		6 (18.8)
Mild to moderate dysfunction		0 (0.0)		2 (6.2)
Hormonal profile
LH (IU/L)	6.0 (7.11)		5.1 (2.79)		0.514^b
Testosterone (nmol/L)	15.1 (4.58)		15.5 (6.60)		0.745^b
FSH (IU/L)	6.4 (2.86)		7.3 (3.98)		0.337^b

Standard deviation.
^bANOVA.
^cChi-squared test.