Dual Effect of Chrysanthemum indicum Extract to Stimulate Osteoblast Differentiation and Inhibit Osteoclast Formation and Resorption In Vitro

Figure 4

CIE blocks actin ring formation and the bone-resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts. (a) BMMs were cultured for 4 days in the presence of M-CSF (30 ng/mL) and RANKL (100 ng/mL) with DMSO (control) or various concentrations of CIE. Cells were fixed with 3.7% formalin in PBS, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS, and stained with phalloidin and DAPI. (b) Mature osteoclasts were seeded on hydroxyapatite-coated plates for 24 h with the indicated concentrations of CIE. Attached cells on the plates were removed and photographed under a light microscope. The relative ratio and number of pit areas were quantified using Image J. , , and .

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