Current Studies of Acupuncture in Cancer-Induced Bone Pain Animal Models

Table 2

Interventions and outcomes.

Reference	Intervention	Number of animals	Acupoint	Stimulation	Control	Number of animals	Days of EA treatment^a	Outcome measure	Assessment days^a	Outcome	Significance
[15]-1	EA	12	ST-36; BL-60	4 Hz 2.5 s/100 Hz 5 s,; 1 mA, 30 min	Cancer only; No intervention	12	Days 4~end of the study	Von Frey filament test (g)	10, 16, 22, 27	Increased; Days 22, 27
[15]-2	EA + Celebrex; 5 mg/(kg*g)	12	ST-36; BL-60	4 Hz 2.5 s/100 Hz 5 s,; 1 mA, 30 min	Celebrex 5 mg/(kg*g); EA; (ST-36, 4 Hz 2.5 s/100 Hz 5 s, 1 mA, 30 min)	12; 12	Days 4~end of the study	Von Frey filament test (g)	10, 16, 22, 27	Increased; Days 10, 22, 27
[20]-1	EA	7	GB-30	10 Hz, 2 mA, 0.4 ms, 30 min	Sham EA; (GB-30, no stimulation)	7	Days 14–18	PWL^b (sec)	12, 15, 18	Increased Day 15 (9.18 ± 0.64 s) and Day 18 (9.19 ± 0.40 s)
[20]-2	EA	7	GB-30	10 Hz, 2 mA, 0.4 ms, 30 min	Sham EA; (GB-30, no stimulation)	7	Days 14–18	IL-; (Spinal cord)	After behavioral test	Inhibited
[21]-1	EA	7	GB-30	10 Hz, 2 mA, 0.4 ms, 30 min	Sham EA; (GB-30, no stimulation)	7	Days 14–18	PWPT^c (g)	12, 14, 17	Increased
[21]-2	EA	7	GB-30	10 Hz, 2 mA, 0.4 ms, 30 min	Sham EA; (GB-30, no stimulation)	7	Days 14–18	PWL^b (sec)	12, 15, 18	Increased
[21]-3	EA	7	GB-30	10 Hz, 2 mA, 0.4 ms, 30 min	Sham EA; (GB-30, no stimulation)	7	Days 14–18	PPD mRNA (Spinal cord)	After behavioral test	Inhibited
[21]-4	EA	7	GB-30	10 Hz, 2 mA, 0.4 ms, 30 min	Sham EA; (GB-30, no stimulation)	7	Days 14–18	Dynorphin; (Spinal cord)	After behavioral test	Inhibited	—
[18]-1	EA + morphine^d	each 10	EX-B2	2 Hz/100 Hz, 30 min	Cancer only; No intervention	10	Days 15–20	PWL^b (sec)	18, 20	Increased
[18]-2	EA + morphine^d	each 10	EX-B2	2 Hz/100 Hz, 30 min	Cancer only; No intervention	10	Days 15–20	GFAP; (Spinal cord)	After behavioral test	Inhibited
[22]-1	EA	8	ST-36	2 Hz, 0.3 ms, <1 mA, 30 min	Cancer only; No intervention	8	Days 1–9	Von Frey filament test (g)	1, 3, 5, 7, 9	Increased
[22]-2	EA	8	ST-36	2 Hz, 0.3 ms, <1 mA, 30 min	Cancer only; No intervention	8	Days 1–9	Cumulative lifting duration^e (sec)	3, 5, 7, 9	Increased
[22]-3	EA	8	ST-36	2 Hz, 0.3 ms, <1 mA, 30 min	Cancer only; No intervention	8	Days 1–9	Substance P; (Spinal cord)	After behavioral test	Decreased
[22]-4	EA	8	ST-36	2 Hz, 0.3 ms, <1 mA, 30 min	Cancer only; No intervention	8	Days 1–9	-endorphin; (Brain)	After behavioral test	Increased; (4.355 ± 0.2972 ng/mL)

EA, electroacupuncture; ST-36, Zusanli; BL-60, Kunlun; GB-30, Huantiao; EX-B2, Jiaji; IL-, interleukin-; PPD, preprodynorphin; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein.
Days after inoculation.
PWL, Paw withdrawal latency (thermal sensitivity to radiant heat).
PWPT, Paw withdrawal pressure threshold measured with a Paw Pressure Analgesia Instrument (UgoBasile, Italy).
Electric current intensity of EA, 2 mA, 1 mA; dose of morphine, 0 mg/(kg*d), 2.5 mg/(kg*d), 5 mg/(kg*d).
Cumulative lifting duration: After approximately 1 h acclimatizationin a clear plastic chamber with wire grid floors at room temperature, the cumulative duration of hind paw-lifting of each mouse was analyzed for 10 min.