Effect of Yoga on Pain, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, and Serotonin in Premenopausal Women with Chronic Low Back Pain
Table 2
Changes in primary and secondary outcomes.
Variable
Group
Baseline
Week 12
2-way ANOVA with repeated measures
(P value)
(P value)
(P value)
Primary
Visual analogue scale (mm)
Yoga
48.7 ± 18.2
16.8 ± 13.2***
8.5
26.3
23.1
Control
48.7 ± 12.4
56.5 ± 9.9*
(0.008)##
(<0.001)###
(<0.001)###
BDNF (pg/mL)
Yoga
23973.6 ± 6996.6
31395.9 ± 7962.7**
0.1
0.0
14.8
Control
30949.8 ± 11616.6
24422.4 ± 8206.3
(0.807)
(1.00)
(0.001)##
Serotonin (ng/mL)
Yoga
153.8 ± 55.5
143.7 ± 61.7
11.0
0.2
5.0
Control
186.4 ± 86.9
134.2 ± 57.3**
(0.003)##
(0.645)
(0.035)#
Secondary
Back flexibility (cm)
Yoga
4.7 ± 9.5
10.9 ± 8.4***
15.3
0.02
7.5
Control
7.7 ± 5.7
8.8 ± 5.2
(0.001)##
(0.892)
(0.012)#
Beck Depression Inventory (points)
Yoga
5.5 ± 5.1
4.2 ± 5.4
2.0
2.3
6.5
Control
5.4 ± 3.3
9.8 ± 6.8
(0.172)
(0.146)
(0.018)#
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor. P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.001: paired t-test within group.
#P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, and ###P < 0.001: 2-way ANOVA with repeated measures.
