Acupuncture Stimulation Attenuates Impaired Emotional-Like Behaviors and Activation of the Noradrenergic System during Protracted Abstinence following Chronic Morphine Exposure in Rats
Figure 7
Effect of acupuncture on immobility time (a), climbing time (b), and swimming time (c) in the FST and the percentage of time spent in open-arm exploration (d) and the number of entries into open arms (e) and closed arms (f) in the EPM test at 4 weeks of protracted abstinence following repeated morphine administration. The rats were randomly divided into five groups of seven individuals each as follows. The withdrawal group following repeated morphine administration was given morphine (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 mg/kg-body weight, s.c., MOR group, ) twice a day for 5 consecutive days. One or 4 weeks following the final morphine injection, behavioral responses were tested during this period. The vehicle-treated rats (as a negative control in the development of addiction withdrawal model) were administered saline (0.9% NaCl, s.c.) instead of morphine in the same way (SAL group, ). The acupuncture-treated groups were divided as follows: Sanyinjiao (SP6) acupoint-stimulated plus morphine-treated group (MOR-SP, ), Waiguan (TE5) acupoint-stimulated plus morphine-treated group (MOR-TE, ), and nonacupoint (on the tail)-stimulated plus morphine-treated group (MOR-TA, ). Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. *, ** versus SAL group; # versus MOR group. Vertical bars indicate SE.
