Review Article
A Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies on the Efficacy of Herbal Medicines for Primary Dysmenorrhea
Table 6
The mechanisms of herbal medicines for PD.
| Main outcomes | Reference |
| Inhibition of uterine contraction | [14, 18, 35, 56, 61–67] | PG level reduction | [24–27] | Suppression of COX-2 expression | [25, 35, 36] | SOD activation and MDA reduction | [36] | NO, iNOS, and NF-κB reduction | [35, 36, 50] | Stimulation of somatostatin receptor | [26] | Intracellular Ca2+ reduction | [18, 35, 56] | Recovery of phospholipid metabolism | [58] |
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