Efficacy of Acupuncture for Psychological Symptoms Associated with Opioid Addiction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 2

Acupuncture interventions in the included studies based on the STRICTA recommendation.

Author	Details of needling					Treatment regimen	Practitioner background
	Insertion depth	Response sought	Stimulation method	Retention time	Needle type
Lua and Talib; 2013 [40]	1–3 mm	NR	NR	30 min	mm	3 times weekly for 2 months	Acupuncturist
Bearn et al.; 2009 [41]	NR	NR	NR	30–40 min	mm	Once each weekday for 2 weeks	Qualified acupuncturists
Avants et al.; 2000 [42]	1–3 mm	NR	NR	40 min	mm	Once each weekday for 8 weeks	Professional acupuncturists
Meade et al.; 2010 [43]	NR	NR	TEAS	30 min	NR	Once daily for 4 days	NR
Wu et al.; 2003 [44]	NR	De-qi response manual	Manipulated every 5 min	30 min	NR	1.3 times per day for 10 days	NR
Song et al.; 2012 [45]	10–15 mm	De-qi response manual	Moxibustion Manipulated every 15 min	30 min	mm	Twice a week for 8 weeks	NR
Zeng et al.; 2005 [46]	NR	NR	Manipulated every 10 min	30 min	NR	Once per day for 10 days	NR
Mu et al.; 2010 [47]	15–30 min	De-qi response manual	Manipulated every 2 min and EA	20 min	mm	3 times per week for 10 weeks	NR
Zhang et al.; 2000 [48]	—	Tolerance	HAN’S	NR	Electrode	2.1 times per day for 15 days	NR
Yang et al.; 2007 [49]	NR	De-qi response manual	Point through point, manipulated every 6 min	25 min	NR	Two sessions; Once every other day	NR
Hou et al.; 2009 [50]	NR	NR	EA	20 min	NR	Once a day for three weekdays	NR
Wen et al.; 2005 [51]	13–40 mm	De-qi response manual	manipulated every 10 min	30 min	mm	Once per day for 10 days	NR
Mu et al.; 2008 [53]	NR	NR	EA	20 min	NR	Once every other day for 10 weeks (30 times)	NR
Rong et al.; 2006 [55]	15–65 mm	De-qi response manual	EA	20 min	mm	Once daily for ten days	Physician
Yang et al.; 2011 [54]	NR	Tolerance	EA	30 min	mm	Once per day for 12 days	NR
Zhan [52]	10–30 mm	De-qi response manual	Manipulated every 10 min	30 min	33 mm	Six times one	NR

NR: not reported, TEAS: transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation, EA: electroacupuncture, HANS: Han’s acupoint nerve stimulator, STRICTA: standards for reporting interventions in controlled trials of acupuncture.