Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Research Article

Bian Zheng Lun Zhi as a Complementary and Alternative Treatment for Menstrual Cramps in Women with Dysmenorrhea: A Prospective Clinical Observation

Table 4

Means and standard deviation of Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) measured at baseline and weeks 4, 8, and 12.
Variable definitionEndometriosisPrimary dysmenorrhea Time effect 
value		Time * group effect 
value
BaselineWeek 4Week 8Week 12BaselineWeek 4Week 8Week 12
Pain19.2 ± 6.018.2 ± 6.218.2 ± 6.117.3 ± 6.018.9 ± 6.317.1 ± 7.615.3 ± 7.514.8 ± 7.60.000*0.046*
 Muscle stiffness2.1 ± 1.42.2 ± 1.22.3 ± 1.42.1 ± 1.11.9 ± 1.12.1 ± 1.52.0 ± 1.31.9 ± 1.30.3900.648
 Headache2.5 ± 1.72.6 ± 1.62.5 ± 1.62.5 ± 1.62.8 ± 1.82.9 ± 1.82.5 ± 1.72.3 ± 1.80.1110.278
 Cramps4.4 ± 1.54.0 ± 1.63.6 ± 1.53.6 ± 1.64.4 ± 1.73.6 ± 1.63.2 ± 1.83.0 ± 1.70.000*0.233
 Backache3.7 ± 1.53.3 ± 1.53.5 ± 1.43.3 ± 1.43.3 ± 1.72.9 ± 1.72.6 ± 1.72.7 ± 1.60.004*0.227
 Fatigue3.8 ± 1.53.5 ± 1.53.7 ± 1.33.4 ± 1.03.9 ± 1.73.3 ± 1.82.9 ± 1.72.9 ± 1.50.000*0.037*
 General aches and pains2.7 ± 1.52.6 ± 1.42.6 ± 1.42.4 ± 1.42.7 ± 1.52.2 ± 1.42.1 ± 1.42.1 ± 1.40.007*0.198
Concentration15.9 ± 8.217.5 ± 8.116.6 ± 7.416.6 ± 7.114.8 ± 6.714.4 ± 7.113.5 ± 6.113.1 ± 6.10.3770.221
 Insomnia2.4 ± 1.62.2 ± 1.52.1 ± 1.32.1 ± 1.22.0 ± 1.31.9 ± 1.12.0 ± 1.21.9 ± 1.20.6600.834
 Forgetfulness1.7 ± 1.22.1 ± 1.31.9 ± 1.11.9 ± 1.11.9 ± 1.21.8 ± 1.21.7 ± 1.01.6 ± 1.00.3480.126
 Confusion1.6 ± 1.02.0 ± 1.32.1 ± 1.12.1 ± 1.21.7 ± 1.01.8 ± 1.41.8 ± 1.21.7 ± 1.10.0890.199
 Lowered judgment2.3 ± 1.42.5 ± 1.52.3 ± 1.32.1 ± 1.22.1 ± 1.31.8 ± 1.31.6 ± 1.01.6 ± 1.00.025*0.130
 Difficulty concentrating2.5 ± 1.62.6 ± 1.52.6 ± 1.62.6 ± 1.52.3 ± 1.52.4 ± 1.62.1 ± 1.42.1 ± 1.40.7660.553
 Distractible2.0 ± 1.42.4 ± 1.52.1 ± 1.32.1 ± 1.21.9 ± 1.21.8 ± 1.11.6 ± 0.91.7 ± 0.90.3560.368
 Accidents1.5 ± 0.91.6 ± 0.91.5 ± 0.91.6 ± 1.11.4 ± 0.81.3 ± 0.61.2 ± 0.51.3 ± 0.50.8510.446
 Lowered motor coordination2.1 ± 1.72.1 ± 1.42.0 ± 1.31.9 ± 1.21.6 ± 1.11.6 ± 1.01.5 ± 1.11.3 ± 0.70.2610.964
Behavioral change13.8 ± 6.214.1 ± 5.813.5 ± 5.713.0 ± 5.211.9 ± 6.512.3 ± 6.610.8 ± 6.010.7 ± 5.80.037*0.778
 Lowered school or work performance2.8 ± 1.62.4 ± 1.22.4 ± 1.32.3 ± 1.12.0 ± 1.22.2 ± 1.42.1 ± 1.32.0 ± 1.20.1860.142
 Take naps2.8 ± 1.73.1 ± 1.62.9 ± 1.52.7 ± 1.52.5 ± 1.62.6 ± 1.72.2 ± 1.42.4 ± 1.50.2930.469
 Stay at home2.8 ± 1.63.2 ± 1.73.0 ± 1.53.0 ± 1.72.4 ± 1.72.6 ± 1.62.3 ± 1.32.2 ± 1.40.2210.749
 Avoid social activities2.9 ± 1.72.9 ± 1.62.9 ± 1.62.8 ± 1.52.7 ± 1.92.5 ± 1.72.1 ± 1.52.2 ± 1.50.1670.162
 Decreased efficiency2.6 ± 1.72.4 ± 1.52.3 ± 1.42.2 ± 1.12.2 ± 1.42.4 ± 1.52.1 ± 1.41.8 ± 1.20.026*0.501
Autonomic reaction10.2 ± 4.28.8 ± 4.08.5 ± 3.78.5 ± 3.69.4 ± 4.77.3 ± 4.46.3 ± 3.06.1 ± 3.30.000*0.105
 Dizziness, faintness2.8 ± 1.72.4 ± 1.52.4 ± 1.32.6 ± 1.42.9 ± 1.72.7 ± 1.82.1 ± 1.42.0 ± 1.40.001*0.026*
 Cold sweats3.0 ± 1.92.4 ± 1.62.2 ± 1.52.3 ± 1.42.6 ± 1.71.6 ± 1.41.5 ± 1.11.5 ± 1.10.000*0.661
 Nausea, vomiting2.7 ± 1.62.3 ± 1.42.0 ± 1.22.0 ± 1.02.3 ± 1.51.7 ± 1.11.4 ± 0.81.5 ± 1.00.000*0.876
 Hot flashes1.7 ± 1.11.7 ± 1.21.8 ± 1.11.7 ± 1.11.7 ± 1.51.4 ± 1.01.2 ± 0.61.1 ± 0.50.0950.027*
Control10.0 ± 3.910.2 ± 4.110.4 ± 4.09.8 ± 4.09.3 ± 4.79.0 ± 4.77.9 ± 2.97.5 ± 2.70.005*0.014*
 Feeling of suffocation1.6 ± 0.91.5 ± 0.71.5 ± 0.71.6 ± 0.81.4 ± 0.81.4 ± 0.81.4 ± 0.71.2 ± 0.50.9070.249
 Chest pains2.1 ± 1.22.0 ± 1.22.1 ± 1.41.8 ± 1.21.9 ± 1.31.6 ± 1.11.4 ± 0.81.4 ± 0.80.008*0.243
 Ringing in the ears1.2 ± 0.51.3 ± 0.61.3 ± 0.61.3 ± 0.61.3 ± 0.81.2 ± 0.61.2 ± 0.61.1 ± 0.40.8170.246
 Heart pounding1.8 ± 1.01.6 ± 0.91.6 ± 1.01.5 ± 0.71.7 ± 1.11.5 ± 1.01.1 ± 0.41.2 ± 0.50.000*0.057
 Numbness, tingling1.8 ± 1.31.7 ± 1.21.9 ± 1.41.8 ± 1.21.3 ± 1.01.2 ± 0.71.2 ± 0.41.1 ± 0.30.6180.426
 Blind spots, fuzzy vision1.6 ± 1.02.1 ± 1.32.0 ± 1.31.8 ± 1.11.7 ± 1.52.0 ± 1.61.6 ± 1.31.5 ± 1.20.003*0.219
Water retention9.5 ± 4.09.4 ± 3.79.4 ± 3.410.1 ± 4.09.3 ± 4.08.3 ± 4.37.9 ± 4.17.4 ± 3.30.1570.009*
 Weight gain2.0 ± 1.32.2 ± 1.42.0 ± 1.32.4 ± 1.41.7 ± 1.01.7 ± 1.01.8 ± 1.31.7 ± 0.80.4870.144
 Skin disorders2.8 ± 1.62.7 ± 1.72.6 ± 1.42.8 ± 1.52.9 ± 1.62.8 ± 1.82.7 ± 1.82.6 ± 1.60.6020.616
 Painful breasts2.6 ± 1.32.4 ± 1.22.6 ± 1.52.6 ± 1.32.8 ± 1.62.1 ± 1.51.9 ± 1.31.8 ± 1.30.007*0.007*
 Swelling2.2 ± 1.32.1 ± 1.22.2 ± 1.42.3 ± 1.41.9 ± 1.41.7 ± 1.31.6 ± 1.11.4 ± 0.80.3100.065
Negative affect18.9 ± 8.718.5 ± 6.819.0 ± 7.717.7 ± 7.120.6 ± 9.517.2 ± 9.416.9 ± 9.015.8 ± 7.80.001*0.030*
 Crying1.9 ± 1.41.8 ± 1.01.9 ± 1.02.0 ± 1.01.9 ± 1.12.0 ± 1.41.9 ± 1.41.9 ± 1.30.9970.727
 Loneliness1.6 ± 0.91.7 ± 0.71.8 ± 1.01.7 ± 0.91.8 ± 1.21.5 ± 1.01.7 ± 1.01.5 ± 0.80.4870.203
 Anxiety2.5 ± 1.52.2 ± 1.22.4 ± 1.32.2 ± 1.22.9 ± 1.82.1 ± 1.62.1 ± 1.42.1 ± 1.50.001*0.192
 Restlessness3.1 ± 1.72.8 ± 1.42.8 ± 1.52.6 ± 1.33.0 ± 1.82.3 ± 1.52.3 ± 1.52.1 ± 1.40.000*0.538
 Irritability3.0 ± 1.62.9 ± 1.52.9 ± 1.42.7 ± 1.53.4 ± 1.82.6 ± 1.72.5 ± 1.52.3 ± 1.40.001*0.047*
 Mood swings2.9 ± 1.52.9 ± 1.42.9 ± 1.32.8 ± 1.23.4 ± 1.82.8 ± 1.72.6 ± 1.62.5 ± 1.50.004*0.060
 Depression1.9 ± 1.32.1 ± 1.22.1 ± 1.22.1 ± 1.12.3 ± 1.52.1 ± 1.41.9 ± 1.31.8 ± 1.20.3250.053
 Tension2.0 ± 1.32.1 ± 1.12.2 ± 1.21.7 ± 1.02.0 ± 1.51.8 ± 1.41.8 ± 1.31.7 ± 1.20.0710.301
Arousal6.0 ± 2.46.4 ± 3.06.4 ± 2.46.4 ± 2.45.6 ± 1.15.7 ± 1.65.6 ± 1.85.4 ± 0.90.5800.368
 Affectionate1.1 ± 0.31.4 ± 0.81.2 ± 0.51.2 ± 0.51.0 ± 0.21.1 ± 0.51.1 ± 0.71.0 ± 0.20.0650.657
 Orderliness1.2 ± 0.51.3 ± 1.01.3 ± 0.61.3 ± 0.61.0 ± 0.21.2 ± 0.41.1 ± 0.71.1 ± 0.30.3070.977
 Excitement1.2 ± 0.71.4 ± 0.71.5 ± 1.01.5 ± 0.91.5 ± 1.01.3 ± 0.81.2 ± 0.41.1 ± 0.30.7450.000*
 Feeling of well-being1.3 ± 0.81.1 ± 0.41.2 ± 0.51.3 ± 0.71.0 ± 0.01.0 ± 0.01.2 ± 0.61.1 ± 0.30.2990.126
 Bursts of energy, activity1.2 ± 0.91.2 ± 0.61.3 ± 0.81.2 ± 0.71.0 ± 01.1 ± 0.31.1 ± 0.21.1 ± 0.40.8170.817
Data presented with mean ± standard deviation. Data adjusted for age. *Significance at the level.