| | Study ID | Preparation | Composition |
| | Lu et al., 2007 [16] | Decoction | Cortex Eucommiae, Herba Taxilli, Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, Radix Astragali, Herba Epimedii, Rhizoma Polygonati, Rhizoma Alismatis, Radix Cyathulae, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Radix Saposhnikoviae, Hirudo, Bombyx Batryticatus, and Rhizoma Gastrodiae (without details of dose). For kidney-yang deficiency, Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata and Herba Cistanches were needed. For kidney-yin deficiency, Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata and Fructus Lycii were needed. |
| | Hu et al., 2001 [17] | Decoction | Herba Taxilli 15 g, Herba Epimedii 15 g, Fructus Ligustri Lucidi 15 g, Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae 30 g, Rhizoma Chuanxiong 12 g, Radix et Rhizoma Notoginseng 5 g, Radix Puerariae Lobatae 30 g, Rhizoma Alismatis 12 g, and Poria 12 g. For kidney-yin deficiency, Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata and Fructus Lycii were needed. For kidney-yang deficiency, Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata, Cortex Cinnamomi, and Herba Cistanches were needed. For yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity, Radix Paeoniae Alba, and Rhizoma Gastrodiae were needed. |
| | Huang et al., 2007 [18] | Decoction | Cortex Eucommiae 15 g, Herba Taxilli 15 g, Pheretima 15 g, Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae 15 g, Herba Leonuri 15 g, Fructus Corni 15 g, and Cortex Moutan 10 g. |
| | Kong, 2003 [19] | Decoction | Radix Rehmanniae 15 g, Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 15 g, Polyporus, Poria 15 g, Rhizoma Dioscoreae 25 g, Fructus Corni, Rhizoma Alismatis 10 g, Cortex Moutan 10 g, Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae 10 g, Pheretima 10 g, Semen Plantaginis 30 g, and Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae 30 g. For yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity, Rhizoma Gastrodiae 15 g and Concha Margaritiferae Usta 30 g were needed. For deficiency of both yin and yang, Cortex Cinnamomi 3 g and Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata 10 g were needed. |
| | Zhang and Li, 2006 [20] | Pill | Rhizoma Alismatis, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Cortex Moutan, Fructus Corni, Poria, and Radix Rehmanniae Recens (without details of dose). |
| | Zhang et al., 2008 [21] | Pill | Rhizoma Alismatis, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Cortex Moutan, Fructus Corni, Poria, and Radix Rehmanniae Recens (without details of dose). |
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