Antihypercholesterolemic and Antioxidative Potential of an Extract of the Plant, Piper betle, and Its Active Constituent, Eugenol, in Triton WR-1339-Induced Hypercholesterolemia in Experimental Rats

Table 1

Mean levels of blood glucose and of serum lipid profile parameters* in Wistar rats.

Parameters; tested	Group I; (control)	Group II; hypercholesterolemic, saline-treated	Group III; hypercholesterolemic,; lovastatin-treated	Group IV; hypercholesterolemic,; Piper betle extract treated	Group V; hypercholesterolemic,; eugenol-treated
Glucose	84.5±2.4	194.1±2.1^a	144.2±1.1^ab	149.2±0.9^abc	141.9±1.3^abd
Total cholesterol	49.2±2.4	134.2±4.7^a	61.5±1.6^ab	62.2±2.8^abc	59.2±3.1^abc
Triglycerides	44.6±2.4	149.6±2.7^a	59.7±0.9^ab	63.7±1.6^abc	53.4±2.9^abc
HDL cholesterol	29.4±4.7	20.2±2.1^a	28.0±0.2^ab	26.7±0.7^ac	28.4±4.2^abcd
LDL cholesterol	13.6±2.4	109.7±0.5^a	39.4±1.3^ab	40.2±2.7^ab	22.5±7.2^acd
VLDL cholesterol	4.8±6.8	35.2±1.9^a	12.5±1.0^ab	14.5±0.2^abc	11.2±0.5^abd
A.I.	0.6±0.1	4.8±0.3^a	2.0±0.3^ab	2.3±0.2^b	1.3±0.3^abcd

∗Sampling was done 10 days after induction of hypercholesterolemia and 7 days after start of treatment.
Values represent the mean ± SD for observations made on five rats in each group.
Units: milligrams per deciliter (except for atherogenic index).
Statistical analysis: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), where significant, post hoc testing (least significant difference) was done for intergroup comparisons.
HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, VLDL-C: very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, A.I.: atherogenic index.
^aStatistically significant difference (𝑃<0.05) when compared with group I values.
^bStatistically significant difference (𝑃<0.05) when compared with group II values.
^cStatistically significant difference (𝑃<0.05) when compared with group III values.
^dStatistically significant difference (𝑃<0.05) when compared with group IV values.