Continuous Femoral Nerve Block versus Intravenous Patient Controlled Analgesia for Knee Mobility and Long-Term Pain in Patients Receiving Total Knee Replacement: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Figure 1

The regimen of analgesic rescue for patients in both groups. A “three-ladder” analgesic rescue protocol was designed: first, the adjustment of PCA parameters and checking of the femoral catheter in CFNB group; second, use of nonopioid analgesic medications; third, use of opioid analgesic medications. PCA was the abbreviation for patient controlled analgesia, CFNB for continuous femoral nerve block, PCIA for patient controlled intravenous analgesia, and VAS for visual analogue scale.