Preclinical Evaluation of Antiurolithiatic Activity of Viburnum opulus L. on Sodium Oxalate-Induced Urolithiasis Rat Model

Table 5

Urolithiasis and associated histopathologic lesions in the experimental groups.

Materials	Cf	Cdt	D	I	H	O	F	C	Hc
Vehicle	++/+++	++	+/++	+/++	−	−/+	+/++	+++	−
NaOx	+++	+/++	++	+	−	−/+	+	+/++	−
Hexane extract	++/+++	++/+++	++/+++	++	−	+	+	++	−/+
EtOAc extract	++/+++	++/+++	+++	++/+++	+	+	+	+/++	+/++
MeOH extract	++/+++	+++	++/+++	++/+++	−	−/+	+	++	−/+
LJVO	+/++	++	++	+/++	+	+	+	+++	−
LCJVO	+/++	+	+	+	−/+	−	−/+	++	−
Cystone	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−

Cf: calculi fragments; Cdt: cystic dilatation of tubules; D: degeneration; I: inflammation; H: hemorrhage; O: oedema; F: fibrosis; C: capsulitis; Hc: hyaline cylinders.