ZHENG May Contribute to Obesity Phenotypes Based on Body Composition: A Pilot Study on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Approach

Table 1

Primary ZHENG and obesity phenotype.

	Shen-QiXu-YinXu; type A	Pi-QiXu-TanShi; type B	Gan Wei; Re; type C	Shen-QiXu-TanShi; type D	𝑃 value
Age (year)	43.0±10.3^A	35.6±9.1^B	38.1±9.7^B	45.5±9.7^A	0.002
Sex: female, 𝑛 (%)	47 (90.4)	18 (78.3)	39 (78.0)	14 (93.3)	0.193
Height (m)	1.63±0.08^A	1.68±0.10^B	1.69±0.10^B	1.64±0.07^AB	0.005
BMI (kg/m^2)	39.7±5.9^A	38.6±5.7^A	39.5±5.2^A	43.6±6.6^B	0.053
Grade I, 𝑛 (%)	10 (19.2)	3 (13.0)	11 (22.0)	2 (13.3)	0.019
Grade II, 𝑛 (%)	19 (36.5)	14 (60.9)	17 (34.0)	1 (6.7)
Grade III, 𝑛 (%)	23 (44.3)	6 (26.1)	22 (44.0)	12 (80.0)
Weight (kg)	105.4±18.4	109.3±18.3	112.7±18.6	118.0±19.6	0.077
Weighted at the age of 20	71.2±21.6^A	84.2±16.9^B	77.8±15.7^AB	71.7±17.0^A	0.039
Max weight	115.2±21.3	124.3±27.1	116.8±18.7	123.7±24.1	0.269
Body composition
Total FM (kg)	49.2±11.1^A	49.2±10.4^A	50.6±10.1^A	58.1±11.5^B	0.043
FM% (%)	46.5±4.8	45.0±6.5	45.2±5.6	48.5±4.0	0.160
FMi (kg/m^2)	18.6±4.2^A	17.6±4.5^A	18.0±3.7^A	21.4±4.4^B	0.029
FFM (kg)	55.4±9.3^A	59.9±12.9^AB	61.4±12.5^B	60.1±9.3^AB	0.052
FFMi (kg/m^2)	20.8±2.3	20.9±2.7	21.5±2.9	22.1±2.6	0.312
Trunk FM (kg)	24.7±6.4^A	23.2±6.1^A	25.7±5.4^A	29.4±6.9^B	0.026
Trunk FM% (%)	48.8±3.3^A	47.0±3.3^B	48.2±2.2^A	49.2±2.2^A	0.047
Trunk FFM(kg)	27.0±4.8	28.0±5.3	29.5±5.9	29.9±4.8	0.079
Trunk FFM% (%)	50.2±5.9^A	46.9±4.1^B	50.6±4.2^A	50.3±3.8^A	0.029
Appendicular FM (kg)	23.2±6.1	24.6±4.9	23.7±5.5	27.5±5.1	0.083
Appendicular FM% (%)	47.2±5.9^A	50.3±4.0^B	46.6±4.4^A	47.5±3.6^A	0.035
Appendicular FFM (kg)	24.2±5.0^A	27.5±7.6^B	27.5±6.6^B	26.0±5.2^AB	0.042
Appendicular FFM% (%)	43.6±3.3	45.4±3.7	44.5±2.5	43.2±3.8	0.077
Physical activity
ST (h/day)	7.2±3.2	7.5±3.2	7.9±3.4	8.2±3.1	0.656
LA (h/week)	10.5 (6.0, 20.0)^A	4.5 (2.2, 9.3)^B	5.0 (2.5, 11.1)^B	1.95 (0, 7.3)^C	0.001
Biologic phenotype
FPG (mmol/L)	5.2±1.0	5.0±0.9	5.5±1.4	5.8±1.2	0.137
FINS (mUI/L)	16.4±12.5	12.5±7.4	19.8±14.6	20.1±11.5	0.524
HOMA2-IR	2.1±1.6	1.6±1.0	2.5±1.7	2.6±1.5	0.526
TC (mg/dL)	191±42	182±43	192±41	192±40	0.814
TG (mg/dL)	132±95	102±49	132±70	119±146	0.396
HDL (mg/dL)	47±15^A	50±12^A	41±13^B	52±15^A	0.019
LDL (mg/dL)	119±36	112±37	125±36	117±32	0.523

Values are displayed as means ± s.d. number (percent) or median (percentile 25, percentile 75). For normalized data, comparisons between groups were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by LSD test when applicable. Different superscripts (in uppercase) denote values that are significantly different (𝑃<0.05) from one to the other with post hoc tests. For nonnormalized data, comparisons between groups were performed using Kruskal-Wallis test. Comparisons between age interval, sex, or obesity category were performed using chi-test or R*C crosstab test.
BMI: body mass index; FM: fat mass; FFM: fat free mass; FMi: fat mass index; FFMi: fat free mass index; obesity grade: I, BMI 30.0–34.9; II, BMI 35.0–39.9; III, BMI ≥40.0 (WHO, 1997); ST: sedentary time; LA: leisure activity; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; FINS: fasting plasma insulin; HOMA2-IR: insulin resistance index of Homeostasis Model Assessment updated; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; HDL: high density lipoprotein; LDL: low density lipoprotein.