Medicinal Plants and Other Living Organisms with Antitumor Potential against Lung Cancer

Table 1

Medicinal plants and other organisms with antitumor potential against lung cancer.

Family and botanical name	Origin	Part used	Extract	Model	Mammal tested	Result	Reference
Agavaceae
Yucca aloifolia	USA	Flowers	MeOH extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[120]
Alariaceae
Undaria pinnatifida	Hawaii	Commercial sample of thallus pacific	Type of extract not stated	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[90]
	Hawaii	Commercial sample of thallus pacific	H2O-insoluble extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[90]
	Japan	Commercial sample of thallus pacific	H2O Extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[91]
	Japan	Dried thallus pacific	Polysaccharide fraction	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[92]
Anacardiaceae
Semecarpus anacardium	India	Dried fruit	CHCl3 extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Inactive	[121]
Apidae
Apis mellifera	Croatia	Fresh venom	Venom	Decreased number of lung metastases	Mouse	Active	[119]
Apocynaceae
Ervatamia heyneana	India	Leaf	MeOH extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Inactive	[122]
ARALIACEAE
Eleutherococcus senticosus	USSR	Root	EtOH (16%) extract	Chemical induced tumor	Mouse	Active	[123]
Panax ginseng	South Korea	Dried root	H2O extract	Mice exposed to benzopyrene	Mouse	Active	[86]
	South Korea	Dried root	H2O extract	Aflatoxin-induced lung adenoma	Mouse	Active	[124]
	South Korea	Dried root	H2O extract	Fluorenyl-induced lung adenoma	Mouse	Inactive	[124]
	South Korea	Dried root	H2O extract	DMBA-induced lung adenoma	Mouse	Inactive	[124]
	South Korea	Dried root	H2O extract	Urethane-induced lung adenoma	Mouse	Active	[124]
Arecaceae
Calamus rotang	India	Aerial parts	EtOH-H2O (50%) extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[125]
Asteraceae
Tagetes minuta	Ethiopia	Aerial parts	H2O extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[126]
Celastraceae
Maytenus serrata	Ethiopia	Fruit	EtOH (95%) extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[127]
	Ethiopia	Stemwood	EtOH (95%) extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[127]
	Ethiopia	Root	EtOH (95%) extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[127]
	Kenya	Root	EtOH (95%) extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[127]
	Kenya	Stemwood	EtOH (95%) extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[127]
Chlorellaceae
Chlorella vulgaris	Pacific (Japan)	Dried cells	Chromatographic fraction	Ca-lung-3LL	Mouse	Active	[101]
Cladoniaceae
Cladonia leptoclada	New Zealand	Thallus	EtOH-H2O (1 : 1) extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[95]
Euphorbiaceae
Croton macrostachys	Ethiopia	Fruit	EtOH (95%) extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[87]
Euphorbia esula	USA	Aerial parts	EtOH (95%) extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Inactive	[128]
	USA	Entire plant	EtOH (95%) extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[129]
Euphorbia fischeriana	China	Dried entire plant	EtOH (95%) extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[130]
Euphorbia ingens	South Africa	Fresh stem	EtOH-H2O (1 : 1) extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Inactive	[131]
Jatropha gossypiifolia	Costa Rica	Root	H2O extract	Ca-Lewis lung	Mouse	Inactive	[132]
	Costa Rica	Root	EtOH (95%) extract	Ca-Lewis lung	Mouse	Inactive	[133]
Fabaceae
Cassia garrettiana	Thailand	Dried heartwood	MeOH extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[88]
	Thailand	Dried heartwood	MeOH extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[89]
Sophora flavescens	China	Dried root	Type of extract not stated	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[134]
Sutherlandia frutescens	South Africa	Fresh flowers	EtOH-H2O (1 : 1) extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Inactive	[131]
Ganodermataceae
Ganoderma lucidum	Taiwan	Dried fruit body	H2O extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[116]
	Taiwan	Dried fruit body	EtOH (95%) extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[116]
	Taiwan	Dried fruit body	H2O extract in combination with adriamycin	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[116]
	Taiwan	Dried fruit body	H2O extract in combination with cisplatin	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[116]
	Taiwan	Dried fruit body	H2O extract in combination with fluorouracil	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[116]
	Taiwan	Dried fruit body	H2O extract in combination with methotrexate	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[116]
	Taiwan	Dried fruit body	H2O extract in combination with imexon	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[116]
	Taiwan	Dried fruit body	H2O extract in combination with thioguanine	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[116]
	Taiwan	Dried mycelium	Hot H2O extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[135]
	South Korea	Myceliu	Hot H2O extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[136]
	Japan	Dried fruit body	H2O extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[117]
Geraniaceae
Pelargonium graveolens	China	Dried root	Type of extractnot stated	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[134]
Hymenochaetaceae
Phellinus linteus	South Korea	Mycelium	Polysaccharide fraction	Cancer cell line NCI-H23	Mouse	Active	[102]
Liliaceae
Allium sativum	Japan	Aged bulb	Aged garlic extract used	Sarcoma-180 and LL/2 lung carcinoma cells	Mouse	Active	[103, 104]
Loranthaceae
Viscum album	Germany	Dried aerial parts	H2O soluble fraction	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Inactive	[137]
	England	Commercial sample of leaf + stem	Type of extract not stated	Small cell lung	Human adult	Active	[100]
	Switzerland	Commercial sample of entire plan	H2O Ext	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[96]
Malvaceae
Thespesia populnea	India	Fruit	EtOH-H2O (1 : 1) extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[125]
Hibiscus syriacus	Taiwan	Dried root bark	Acetone extract	Ca-human lung	Mouse	Inactive	[138]
Melastomataceae
Memecylon umbellatum	India	Leaf	EtOH-H2O (1 : 1) extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Inactive	[125]
Nyctaginaceae
Mirabilis multiflora	USA	Root	H2O extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Inactive	[139]
Nyssaceae
Nyssa sylvatica	Not stated	Stem bark	H2O extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Inactive	[140]
Ochnaceae
Lophira lanceolata	Nigeria	Root bark	EtOH-H2O (1 : 1) extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Inactive	[141]
Oscillatoriaceae
Oscillatoria acutissima strain B.1	Hawaii	Freeze-dried organism	Type of extract not stated	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Inactive	[142]
Papaveraceae
Chelidonium majus	Austria	Dried entire plant	Alkaloid fraction	Lung cancer	Human adult	Active	[105]
Pectinidae
Patinopecten yessoensis	Pacific (Japan)	Fresh organism	Polysaccharide fraction	Cells human embryonic lung	Mouse	Inactive	[143]
Ranunculaceae
Nigella sativa	India	Seed	EtOH-H2O (50%) extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[125]
	Singapore	Commercial sample of seed	Chromatographic fraction	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[106]
Rubiaceae
Morinda citrifolia	Hawaii	Dried fruit juice	EtOH insoluble fraction	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[144]
Rhizophoraceae
Bruguiera sexangula	Papua-New Guinea	Stem bark	EtOH (95%) extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[145]
Schisandraceae
Schisandra propinqua	China	Dried root + stem	Hot H2O extract	Ca-human lung	Human adult	Active	[109]
Simaroubaceae
Brucea javanica	China	Dried part not specified	Type of extract not stated	Lung cancer	Human adult	Active	[93]
	China	Seed	Seed oil	Squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma	Human adult	Active	[94]
	China	Seed	Seed oil	The extract showed a therapeutic effect for lung cancers	Human adult	Active	[146]
	China	Seed	Fixed oil	Patients with lung cancer	Human adult	Active	[147]
Solanaceae
Withania somnifera	India	Dried root	EtOH (95%) extract	Lung adenomas	Mouse	Active	[110]
	India	Dried entire plant	EtOH (95%) extract	Lung adenomas	Mouse	Active	[148]
Theaceae
Camellia sinensis	China	Dried leaf	Polyphenolic fraction	Lung cancer	Mouse	Active	[149]
	China	Green leaf	Tea	Lung cancer	Human adult	Active	[112]
	China	Black leaf	Leaves	Reduced tumor multiplicity and volume in nnk treated mice	Mouse	Active	[114]
Tricholomataceae
Hypsizygus marmoreus	Japan	Dried fruit	H2O extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Active	[115]
Lentinus edodes	Japan	Dried fruit body	H2O extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Inactive	[150]
Violaceae
Viola odorata	South Africa	Fresh leaf	EtOH-H2O (1 : 1) extract	Ca-lewis lung	Mouse	Inactive	[131]