The Effects of Massage Therapy on Multiple Sclerosis Patients’ Quality of Life and Leg Function

Table 3

Hamburg Quality of Life in MS results. The average score of the five subscales was weighed evenly to calculate the HAQUAMS averages used in analysis. Lower scores reflect more positive ratings.

Group	Group 1
	Assessment 1		Assessment 2		Assessment 3		Effect size	Effect size
	M	(SD)	M	(SD)	M	(SD)	A1 − A2	A2 − A3
Lower severity (𝑁=8)	73.25	(17.20)	72.88	(16.37)	71.75	(13.49)	.02	.08
Higher severity (𝑁=5)	91.20	(22.04)	82.80	(22.95)	86.40	(24.87)	.37	−.15
Group 1 total (𝑁=13)	80.15	(20.42)	76.69	(18.91)	77.38	(19.16)	.18	−.04
Group	Group 2
	Assessment 1		Assessment 2		Assessment 3		Effect size	Effect size
	M	(SD)	M	(SD)	M	(SD)	A1 − A2	A2 − A3
Lower severity (𝑁=4)	72.25	(30.08)	74.25	(33.25)	71.50	(21.89)	−.06	.10
Higher severity (𝑁=7)	82.86	(12.64)	83.71	(13.23)	83.14	(13.09)	−.07	.04
Group 2 total (𝑁=11)	80.09	(19.55)	80.27	(21.44)	78.91	(17.73)	−.01	.07