Herbal Medicines for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Current Scenario and Future Prospects

Table 3

Phytochemicals for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Phytochemical	Dose	Animal model	Mode of action	References
Baicalin	80 mg/kg	HFD fed rats	Targeting the hepatic AMPK	[45]
5-Caffeoylquinic acid, 3.5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 5-feruloylquinic acid	5 𝜇M	HFD fed C57BL/6J mice	Down-regulating hepatic SREBP-1c	[46]
Carvacrol	0.1 g% in diet	HFD fed C57BL/6N mice	Activating hepatic SIRT1-AMPK signaling	[47]
Curcumin	1 g% in diet	MCD diet fed rats	Inhibition of hepatic NF-kB activation	[48]
	25 𝜇g/kg	MCD diet fed rats	Inhibition of stellate cell activation	[49]
	15, 30 or 60 mg/kg	Fructose-fed rats	Inhibition of PTP1B and subsequently improvement of insulin and leptin sensitivity	[50]
(−)-Epigallocatechin; -3-gallate	1 g/L in drinking water	HFD fed C57BL/6J mice	Inhibition of hepatic lipid accumulation	[51]
	0.05 or 0.1% in diet	nSREBP-1c transgenic mice	Reducing hepatic inflammation, insulin resistance and oxidative stress	[52]
Lycopene	4 mg/kg	HFD fed rats	Improvement of insulin resistance and oxidative stress	[53]
Myricetin	75, 150 or 300 mg/kg	HFD fed rats	Up-regulation of PPAR𝛼 and down-regulation of SREBP expressions	[54]
Naringenin	0.003, 0.006, and 0.012% in diet	HFD fed rats	Increasing PPAR𝛼 protein expression in the liver	[55]
Oleuropein		HFD fed C57BL/6N mice	Regulation of Wnt10b- and FGFR1-mediated signaling cascade	[56]
Piperine	0.05% in diet	HFD fed C57BL/6J mice	transcriptional regulation of liver X receptor 𝛼	[57]
Quercetin	50 mg/kg	MCD diet fed C57BL/6J mice	Attenuation of multiple pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory gene pathways	[58]
	50 mg/kg	MCD diet fed C57BL/6J mice	Decreasing oxidative stress	[59]
	30–60 mg/kg	HFD fed gerbils	Regulating the expressions of Sirt1, NF-𝜅B p65 and iNOS	[60]
Resveratrol	100 mg/kg	HFD fed rats	Activation of hepatic AMPK	[61]
	10 mg/kg	Fasting and feeding cycle in rats	Decreasing hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress	[39]
Rutin	1.6 g/kg in diet	HFD fed rats	Decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation	[62]
Silymarin	0.5% in diet	MCD diet fed Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats	Suppression of hepatic stellate cell activation	[63]
Theaflavin	30 mg/kg	MCD + HFD fed C57BL/6J mice	By anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms	[64]

MCD: methionine-choline deficient; HFD: high fat diet.