Characterization and Quantification of Compounds in the Hydroalcoholic Extract of the Leaves from Terminalia catappa Linn. (Combretaceae) and Their Mutagenic Activity

Table 6

Mutagenic activity expressed as the mean and standard deviation of the number of revertants/plate and mutagenic index (in parenthesis) in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA97a, and TA102 strains treated with hydroalcoholic extract of T. catappa at various doses, with (+S9) or without (−S9) metabolic activation.

	Treatments	Number of revertants (M ± SD)/ plate and MI
		TA98			TA100		TA102		TA97a
	mg/plate	−S9	+S9	mg/plate	−S9	+S9	−S9	+S9	−S9	+S9
Terminalia catappa	0.0^a	16±3	68±1	0.0^a	93±6	87±4	352±30	435±43	172±2	99±1
	2.78	17±6 (1.1)	75±7 (1.1)	1.56	91±2 (1.0)	88±9 (1.0)	461±11^∗ (1.3)	481±23 (1.1)	223±3^∗ (1.3)	127±3 (1.3)
	5.56	21±3 (1.3)	75±7 (1.1)	3.12	188±19^∗∗ (2.0)	90±6 (1.0)	514±16^∗ (1.5)	668±75^∗ (1.5)	252±12^∗ (1.5)	102±7 (1.0)
	11.12	18±5 (1.1)	57±1 (0.8)	6.25	210±24^∗∗ (2.3)	91±6 (1.0)	653±22^∗ (1.9)	689±57^∗ (1.6)	287±14^∗ (1.7)	95±12 (1.0)
	16.68	14±3 (0.9)	75±4 (1.1)	9.38	40±4 (0.4)	95±1 (1.1)	563±32^∗ (1.6)	728±28^∗ (1.7)	337±19^∗∗ (2.0)	93±10 (0.9)
	22.24	2±1 (0.1)	68±10 (1.0)	12.5	Nd	88±4 (1.0)	648±32^∗ (1.8)	621±23^∗ (1.4)	397±19^∗∗ (2.3)	83±2 (0.8)
	Ctrol+	720±63	500±57	Ctrol+	1225±75	700±80	1143±53	1309±38	1426±67	700±45

^∗𝑃<0.05 (ANOVA); ^∗∗𝑃<0.01 (ANOVA), 0^a: Negative control: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO—75 𝜇L/plate); Positive Control: 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (10.0 𝜇g/plate—TA98 and TA97a); sodium azide (1.25 𝜇g/plate—TA100); mitomycin (0.5 𝜇g/plate—TA102), in the absence of S9, and 2-anthramine (1.25 𝜇g/ plate—TA98, TA100, TA97a); 2-aminofluorene (10.0 𝜇g/plate—TA102), in the presence of S9. Nd: not determined.