Safety Evaluation of Oral Toxicity of Carica papaya Linn. Leaves: A Subchronic Toxicity Study in Sprague Dawley Rats

Table 2

Biochemistry values of control group and rats treated with C. papaya leaf extract measured during the subchronic toxicity study.

Male rats	Control	0.01 g/kg BW	0.14 g/kg BW	2 g/kg BW
Liver profile
Total protein (g/L)	57.22 ± 2.44	59.13 ± 4.76	59.11 ± 5.73	60.89 ± 8.18
Albumin (g/L)	27.51 ± 2.90	28.60 ± 2.70	32.32 ± 2.19^*	29.67 ± 1.75
ALP (U/L)	147.38 ± 33.20	173.13 ± 61.47	192.89 ± 60.99	218.22 ± 98.43
AST (U/L)	186.38 ± 28.16	166.63 ± 41.81	169.67 ± 37.53	158.22 ± 39.52
ALT (U/L)	49.50 ± 8.62	46.75 ± 7.17	61.22 ± 23.63	60.78 ± 29.82
Renal profile
Urea (mmol/L)	6.75 ± 0.51	6.14 ± 1.12	6.73 ± 0.68	5.73 ± 1.22
Creatinine (mol/L)	56.25 ± 8.99	51.75 ± 7.13	49.89 ± 8.10	40.33 ± 16.38^*
Uric acid (mol/L)	117.23 ± 50.93	81.53 ± 25.60	161.33 ± 98.28	95.80 ± 43.12
Cardiac profile
CK (U/L)	1408.250 ± 534.91	1187.25 ± 208.64	1589.11 ± 588.53	1448.78 ± 478.84
LDH (U/L)	2014.67 ± 500.68	2187.38 ± 875.63	2706.00 ± 645.85	2952.78 ± 259.86^*
HBDH (U/L)	648.33 ± 119.92	612.63 ± 199.95	648.00 ± 161.63	589.00 ± 106.74
Lipid profile
Cholestrol (mmol/L)	1.39 ± 1.18	1.12 ± 0.53	1.21 ± 0.21	1.27 ± 0.28
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	0.97 ± 0.51	0.80 ± 0.30	1.27 ± 0.22	1.26 ± 0.31
Glucose (mmol/L)	7.97 ± 2.68	6.96 ± 2.01	10.31 ± 5.47	7.68 ± 2.84
Female rats	Control	0.01 g/kg BW	0.14 g/kg BW	2 g/kg BW
Liver profile
Total protein (g/L)	71.80 ± 4.10	71.33 ± 3.84	89.00 ± 18.18^*	87.33 ± 6.93^*
Albumin (g/L)	44.84 ± 2.54	44.43 ± 2.26	34.92 ± 5.08^*	32.58 ± 2.22^*
ALP (U/L)	119.20 ± 53.88	169.78 ± 80.00	70.30 ± 51.41	95.78 ± 40.09
AST (U/L)	274.20 ± 47.48	276.78 ± 83.09	268.80 ± 147.28	215.89 ± 72.40
ALT (U/L)	70.80 ± 18.50	85.89 ± 21.74	63.10 ± 33.51	52.33 ± 25.07
Renal profile
Urea (mmol/L)	9.21 ± 1.45	8.78 ± 1.00	7.51 ± 2.11	7.38 ± 2.13
Creatinine (mol/L)	78.56 ± 10.76	83.56 ± 14.04	69.70 ± 14.09	57.67 ± 8.20^*
Uric acid (mol/L)	277.52 ± 119.04	440.73 ± 185.39	359.33 ± 195.94	247.36 ± 97.58
Cardiac profile
CK (U/L)	1675.89 ± 364.79	1514.75 ± 517.94	1530.30 ± 671.40	1739.11 ± 1163.74
LDH (U/L)	1481.50 ± 871.06	2265.50 ± 852.88	1561.70 ± 593.89	1683.11 ± 668.59
HBDH (U/L)	1027.78 ± 302.57	867.00 ± 171.88	888.50 ± 123.73	817.25 ± 148.18
Lipid profile
Cholestrol (mmol/L)	1.62 ± 0.23	1.56 ± 0.23	1.79 ± 0.41	1.57 ± 0.29
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.31 ± 0.29	1.47 ± 0.36	1.43 ± 0.26	1.48 ± 0.15
Glucose (mmol/L)	8.88 ± 5.92	15.17 ± 5.62^*	9.24 ± 3.04	6.85 ± 1.73

Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (/group). ALP: alkaline phosphatase, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, CK: creatinine kinase, LDH: lactate dehydrogenase, and HBDH: -hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. value less than 0.05 (), significant value.