Caffeamide 36-13 Regulates the Antidiabetic and Hypolipidemic Signs of High-Fat-Fed Mice on Glucose Transporter 4, AMPK Phosphorylation, and Regulated Hepatic Glucose Production
Figure 3
Effects of caffeamide 36-13 (TS) on epididymal WAT and liver tissue morphology in the low-fat (CON), high-fat (HF), HF + T1, HF + T2, or HF + Rosi groups. Pictures of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of (a) mean area of adipocytes (μm2) for epididymal WAT (magnification: 10 (ocular) ×20 (object lens)) from mice fed with TS. White adipose tissue (named adipocytes) is polyhedral by H&E stain, and the appearance showed string-like cytosol surrounding a vacuole. This is because of being embedded in paraffin as immersed in lipid solvents, and finally all the fats were removed. It was carefully observed unobvious nucleus (N) in the other side of cells; and (b) liver tissue (magnification: 10 (ocular) ×20 (object lens)) from mice fed with TS. The high-fat diet induced the hepatic ballooning degeneration in the HF group as compared with the CON group. The ballooning degeneration is a form of liver parenchymal cell death and the nucleolus was squeezed into the other side named balloon (as the arrow indicated). This may be due to the heap of glycogen in the nucleus. High-fat diet induced obesity and insulin resistance. Insulin levels affected the storage of hepatic glycogen. Treatment with T1 and T2 significantly decreased the degree of ballooning degeneration. Each presented is typical and representative of nine mice. Each presented is typical and representative of nine mice. TS:T1:10, T2:20 mg/kg bodyweight; Rosi: rosiglitazone (0.01 g/kg body weight).
