Synergistic Effect of Fermented Rice Extracts on the Probiotic and Laxative Properties of Yoghurt in Rats with Loperamide-Induced Constipation

Table 4

Gastrointestinal charcoal transit ratio in loperamide-induced constipated rats after oral treatment of the test agents.

Groups	Gastrointestinal motilities (during 30 min)
	Total small intestine length (cm)	Length of charcoal meal transferred (cm)	Gastrointestinal charcoal transit ratio (%)
Controls
Vehicle	119.60 ± 2.72	87.00 ± 6.81	72.68 ± 4.16
Loperamide	121.50 ± 2.50	60.80 ± 4.15^e	50.07 ± 3.82^e
Single formula
FRe 5 mg/kg	119.70 ± 2.49	70.40 ± 4.97^eg	58.86 ± 4.70^eg
FRe 10 mg/kg	121.00 ± 3.32	73.10 ± 7.94^fg	60.37 ± 5.71^fg
Yoghurt	120.50 ± 1.87	76.00 ± 1.58^eg	63.09 ± 1.88^eg
Mixed formula
BFRe 0.05%	122.30 ± 3.05	78.14 ± 12.61^h	64.00 ± 10.99
BFRe 0.1%	119.60 ± 1.52	95.14 ± 7.43^g	79.57 ± 6.49^g
BFRe 1%	120.70 ± 4.84	104.70 ± 4.44^eg	86.91 ± 6.18^eg

Values are expressed as mean ± SD of five rats.
Yoghurt: Bulgaris, a brand of commercial yoghurt (Namyang, Korea).
FRe: fermented rice extracts.
BFRe: mixed formula consisting of yoghurt and the appropriate percentages (0.05, 0.1 and 1%) of FRe.
Charcoal transit ratio (%) = ((total small intestinal length − charcoal meal transit distance)/total small intestinal length) × 100.
^e and ^f compared with the vehicle control by the MW test.
^g and ^h compared with the loperamide control by the MW test.