Evaluation of the In Vitro Antiplasmodial, Antileishmanial, and Antitrypanosomal Activity of Medicinal Plants Used in Saudi and Yemeni Traditional Medicine
Table 2
Antiprotozoal activity and cytotoxicity μg/mL) of the methanolic extracts of the investigated plants.
Plant species
P. falciparum
L. infantum
T. cruzi
T. brucei
MRC-5
IC50
SI
IC50
SI
IC50
SI
IC50
SI
IC50
Acalypha ciliata
10.8 ± 1.3
>5.9
>64.0
34.4 ± 7.3
>1.9
32.7 ± 3.7
>2.0
>64.0
Acalypha fruticosa
27.1 ± 6.2
>2.4
>64.0
35.7 ± 5.8
>1.8
32.9 ± 4.1
>2.0
>64.0
Amaranthus polygamus
>64.0
>1
>64.0
>64.0
>64.0
>64.0
Barleria trispinosa
59.8 ± 5.6
>1.1
>64.0
>64.0
>64.0
>64.0
Caralluma penicillata
6.7 ± 0.9
>9.6
34.6 ± 4.5
>1.9
28.0 ± 1.7
>2.3
8.5 ± 1.5
>7.6
>64.0
Centaurothamus maximus
12.1 ± 3.4
<1
32.5 ± 0.5
<1
8.3 ± 0.7
1.1
35.8 ± 2.3
9.3 ± 1.8
Cissus rotundifolia
>64.0
>
>64.0
>64.0
>64.0
>64.0
Coccinia grandis-fruits
>64.0
>
>64.0
>64.0
>64.0
>64.0
Coccinia grandis-leaves
38.6 ± 7.3
>1.7
43.1 ± 4.8
>1.5
36.9 ± 2.4
>1.7
32.7 ± 4.3
>2
>64.0
Dichrocephala integrifolia
10.2 ± 2.5
2.4
20.3 ± 2.6
1.2
6.6 ± 0.5
3.7
37.6 ± 4.9
24.5 ± 3.7
Fagonia indica
>64.0
>64.0
>64.0
>64.0
>64.0
Forsskaoleatenacissima
>64.0
>64.0
>64.0
>64.0
>64.0
Gomphocarpus fruticosus
>64.0
>64.0
2.6 ± 0.5
1
>64.0
2.3 ± 0.4
Hypoestes forskalei
8.8 ± 2.0
1.3
8.1 ± 1.3
1.4
9.1 ± 1.0
>1.2
8.1 ± 0.5
>1.4
11.0 ± 2.1
Kedrostis foetidissima
62.2 ± 8.3
>1
>64.0
60.2 ± 3.5
>1.1
>64.0
>64.0
Kleinia pendula
38.9 ± 6.4
>1.6
>64.0
32.3 ± 3.7
>2
32.7 ± 4.0
>2
>64.0
Leucas virgata
>64.0
>64.0
>64.0
8.3 ± 0.9
>7.7
>64.0
Loranthus regularis
>64.0
32.5 ± 0.5
1.3
33.6 ± 2.5
1.2
9.5 ± 2.1
4.3
40.6 ± 5.5
Ochradenus baccatus
>64.0
>64.0
>64.0
>64.0
>64.0
Otostegia fruticosa
34 ± 5.2
>1.9
>64.0
36.6 ± 4.9
>1.8
35.2 ± 3.7
>1.8
>64.0
Oxalis corniculata
>64.0
>64.0
54.7 ± 7.6
>1.2
34.7 ± 5.2
>1.8
>64.0
Rosmarinus officinalis
11.4 ± 2.7
1.9
32.5 ± 0.5
8.8 ± 1.2
2.5
13.2 ± 2.0
1.7
22.1 ± 1.7
Solanum glabratum
>64.0
8.1 ± 1.3
3.4
8.5 ± 0.9
3.3
30.0 ± 4.8
27.9 ± 3.4
Taraxacum officinale
>64.0
>64.0
45.6 ± 7.3
>1.4
>64.0
>64.0
Tecoma stans
36.3 ± 5.8
>1.8
38.1 ± 4.7
>1.7
31.7 ± 3.7
>2.0
36.9 ± 6.3
>1.7
>64.0
Verbascum bottae
29.9 ± 4.5
1.1
3.2 ± 0.3
10.2
27.0 ± 4.2
1.2
2.3 ± 0.9
14.1
32.5 ± 5.9
Chloroquine
0.3 ± 0.1
Miltefosine
3.32 ± 0.7
Benznidazole
2.2 ± 0.5
Suramin
0.03 ± 0.02
Tamoxifen
—
11.0 ± 2.3
IC50 values of reference drugs are expressed in μM concentrations.
