Aspirin Resistance and Promoting Blood Circulation and Removing Blood Stasis: Current Situation and Prospectives

Table 1

Causes of aspirin resistance and potential strategies to overcome resistance.

Cause of AR	Strategy to overcome AR
Noncompliance of patients	Patient education; Minimisation of adverse effects
Insufficient dosing	Biofeedback use of platelet function assays and measurement of aspirin metabolites to guide increased dosing levels
Drug-drug interactions	Caution/avoid use of NSAIDs; Caution/avoid use of proton pump inhibitors
Non-COX-1-mediated TXA2 production	Duel or increased dose of antiplatelet therapy; Development of thromboxane receptor antagonists
Other pathways of platelet activation	Use of drugs to inhibit final common pathways of platelet aggregation
Pharmacogenetic factors	Exploitation of genetic polymorphisms-personalised antiplatelet therapy