Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Hypertrophic Scars

Table 3

The extracts from medicinal plants displaying anti-hypertrophic scarring.

Extract	Botanical name	Family	Medicinal part	Observation	Dose administration	Effect	Mechanism of action	References
Ethanolic extract	Calotropis gigantea	Asclepiadaceae	Root, bark	In vivo	100~400 mg/kg; intragastric administration	Increase of wound contraction and decrease of scar area and the time of epithelization	Increase of hydroxyproline and collagen synthesis	[6]
Ethanolic extract	Daucus carota	Apiaceae	Root	In vivo	1, 2, and 4%; epidermal administration	Decrease of wound area, epithelization period, and scar width. Increase of wound contraction	Increase of hydroxyproline content. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities	[7]
Methanolic extract	Pistia stratiotes	Araceae	Leave	In vivo	5 and 10%; epidermal administration	Decrease of wound area	Inhibition of hydroxyl radical scavenging and increase of fibroblast blood vessels and collagen fibers	[8]
Ethyl acetate extract	Gelidium amansii	Gelidiaceae	Whole plant	In vitro	5~10 mg/mL	Antiproliferation of HSFBs	Decrease of the protein expression of I/III collagens and TGF-β1	[9]
Ethanolic extract	Carthamus tinctorius	Asteraceae	Flower	In vitro	2~8 μg/mL	Antiproliferation of HSFBs	Inhibition of collagen protein synthesis and promotion of fibroblast shrinkage	[57]
Aqueous extract	Oenothera paradoxa	Onagraceae	Seed	In vitro	0.1~10 μg/mL	Protection of normal dermal fibroblasts	Decrease of LDH and ROS	[58]
Aqueous extract	Cigarette Smoke	Unknown	Unknown	In vitro	100% saturated solution	Antiproliferation of skin fibroblasts and promotion of cellular senescence	Inhibition of SOD and GSH-Px and promotion of ROS	[59]
Ethyl acetate extract	Rheum palmatum	Polygonaceae	Root, rhizome	In vitro	25 μg/mL	Antiproliferation of HSFBs	Increase of G0/G1 phase	[60]
Methanol extract	Broussonetia kazinoki	Moraceae	Bark, root	In vitro	Unknown	Inhibition of hyperpigmentation	Reduction of tyrosinase enzyme synthesis	[61]
Ethanol extract	Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi	Lamiaceae	Root	In vivo	10 mg/mL epidermal administration	Inhibition of scarring	Reduction of the protein expression of TGF-β1	[62]
Aqueous extract	Allium cepa	Liliaceae	Corm	In vivo	1~2.5%, v/v; local application	Suppression of scarring in hairless mice	Upregulation of MMP-1 and type I collagen expression	[38]
				In vitro	1~2.5%, v/v	Antiproliferation of fibroblasts
Aqueous extract	Tamarindus indica	Fabaceae	Bark, leave	In vivo	Unknown	Anti-inflammation	Elimination of death cells and necrotic tissues	[63]
Ethanol extract	Aneilema keisak	Commelinaceae	Whole plant	In vitro	40 μg/mL	Decrease of scarring	Inhibition of TGF-β1-dependent signalling by reducing Smad2 protein. Reduction of various hKF pathological responses, including hyperplastic growth, collagen production, and migration without DNA damage	[64]